Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Oral Transmission of Listeria monocytogenes in Mice via Ingestion of Contaminated Food
Published on: May 6, 2013
Evaluation of food effect on the oral absorption of clarithromycin from immediate release tablet using physiological
Asma Radwan1, Rand Jayyousi1, Nasr Shraim1
1College of Pharmacy, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
Background:
Food may affect the oral absorption of drugs.
Purpose:
The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of food on the oral absorption of clarithromycin by evaluating the effect of media parameters, such as pH, bile secretions and food composition, on the release of the drug from immediate release tablets, using in vitro and in silico assessments.
Method:
The solubility, disintegration and dissolution profiles of clarithromycin 500 mg immediate release tablets in compendial media with/without the addition of a homogenized FDA meal as well as in biorelevant simulated intestinal media mimicking fasting and fed conditions were determined. These in vitro data were input to GastroPlus™, which was used for developing a physiological absorption model capable of anticipating the effect of food on clarithromycin absorption. Level A in vitro-in vivo linear correlations were established using a mechanistic absorption modelling based deconvolution approach.
Results:
The pH of the media has a profound effect on clarithromycin solubility, tablet disintegration and drug release. Clarithromycin has lower solubility in biorelevant media compared with other media, due to complex formation with bile salts. Clarithromycin tablets exhibited prolonged disintegration times and reduced dissolution rates in the presence of the standard FDA meal. The simulation model predicted no significant food effect on the oral bioavailability of clarithromycin. The developed IVIVC model considered SIF, acetate buffer and FaSSIF media to be the most relevant from the physiological standpoint.
Conclusion:
The intake of a standard FDA meal may have no significant effect on the oral bioavailability of clarithromycin immediate release tablet.
Related Concept Videos
Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System II: Digestion and Absorption
Digestion begins in the mouth, where food undergoes mechanical breakdown by chewing and combines with saliva. Salivary amylase, an enzyme in saliva, starts the breakdown of starches into maltose. The food then travels down the esophagus to the stomach.
In the stomach, a...
Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes
Lipophilic drugs that are stable at salivary pH (6) and exhibit minimal binding to the oral mucosa are absorbed more...
Clearance Models: Physiological Models
The organ's clearance rate depends on the blood flow to the organ and the extraction ratio (E). The extraction ratio describes the organ's...
One-Compartment Open Model for Extravascular Administration: Zero-Order Absorption Model
Zero-order absorption maintains a steady rate irrespective of the amount of drug left to be absorbed, making it a constant process. In the...
One-Compartment Open Model for Extravascular Administration: First-Order Absorption Model
Drug Absorption: Factors Affecting GI Absorption

