Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Single-Port Robotic-assisted Transaxillary Breast-conserving Surgery: A Prospective, Single-arm, Non-randomized Phase IIa Clinical Trial
Published on: August 19, 2025
Defining the immunogram of breast cancer: a focus on clinical trials
Paolo Tarantino1,2, Giuseppe Curigliano1,2
1a Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapy , IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS , Milan , Italy.
Abstract:
In phase III ImPassion130 trial, the addition of immunotherapy to chemotherapy improved overall survival in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer patients. This benefit was significant only in patients harboring PD-L1-positive tumors, suggesting that stratification according to response biomarkers is needed to achieve consistent responses. Besides PD-L1 expression, a variety of potential biomarkers are under investigation for predicting immunotherapy efficacy in breast cancer, such as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, gene signatures, tumor mutational burden, microsatellite instability, and gut microbiome. Enriching future trials through these biomarkers could help identifying the population of responders, realizing what has been called precision immunotherapy.
Related Concept Videos
Clinical Trials
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
Clinical Trials: Overview
Statistical Software for Data Analysis and Clinical Trials
Trial and Error and Algorithm
Defining Psychology
Defining Social Psychology

