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The association between assisted reproductive technologies and low birth weight
Andres Reig1, Emre Seli2,3
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale New Haven Health - Bridgeport Hospital, Bridgeport.
Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology
|March 21, 2019
Summary
Newborns conceived via assisted reproductive technologies (ART) face a threefold higher risk of low birth weight (LBW). Factors like embryo transfer type and number influence these outcomes, impacting infant health.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Medicine
- Neonatal Health
- Public Health
Background:
- Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are increasingly utilized globally.
- Concerns exist regarding the perinatal outcomes of ART-conceived infants, particularly low birth weight (LBW).
- Existing literature presents varied findings on factors influencing LBW in ART pregnancies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and synthesize current research on the association between ART and LBW.
- To identify specific ART procedures that may affect birth weight.
- To understand the evolving landscape of birth weight in ART-conceived neonates.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies examining ART and birth weight.
- Analysis of recent findings on embryo transfer methods (fresh vs. frozen) and their impact.
- Examination of historical trends in ART-related birth weight.
Main Results:
- ART-conceived newborns are at a significantly higher risk (threefold) of LBW.
- Multiple gestation is a primary risk factor, but ART-specific processes also contribute.
- Conflicting evidence exists regarding fresh versus frozen embryo transfers and their effect on singleton birth weight.
- Some studies indicate no significant long-term change in ART-related birth weight over time.
Conclusions:
- ART is associated with an increased likelihood of LBW in newborns.
- Several ART-related factors, including embryo transfer protocols and number of embryos transferred, warrant careful consideration.
- Further research is needed to clarify the precise mechanisms and optimize outcomes for ART-conceived infants.
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