Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Polygenic Traits01:18

Polygenic Traits

69.0K
When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...
69.0K
Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

23.6K
When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
23.6K
What is a Frequency Distribution00:51

What is a Frequency Distribution

26.9K
A frequency is the number of times a value of the data occurs. The sum of all the frequency values represents the total number of students included in the sample. It is commonly used to group data of quantitative types. Frequency distributions can be displayed in a table, histogram, line graph, dot plot, or pie chart, just to name a few. A histogram is a graphical representation of tabulated frequencies, shown as adjacent rectangles, erected over discrete intervals (bins), with an area equal to...
26.9K
Mean From a Frequency Distribution01:11

Mean From a Frequency Distribution

22.6K
Sometimes, data gathered from an experiment on a large sample or population are organized into concise tables. In such cases, the frequency of the quantitative data set is plotted in the form of a table. Or else, the data values are grouped into the quantity’s intervals, which form classes, and their respective frequencies are known. That is, the data values are distributed over different categories or classes. This is known as frequency distribution.
When such a data set is encountered,...
22.6K
Adaptability of Cytoskeletal Filaments01:12

Adaptability of Cytoskeletal Filaments

5.9K
The cytoskeleton is a complex dynamic structure performing varied functions based on cellular requirements. The adaptability of the individual filaments in the cytoskeleton determines their ability to perform various functions within the cell. It can undergo rapid reorganization during processes like cell division or remain stable for several hours as in the interphase. The adaptability of these filaments depends on stringent regulatory mechanisms. The microfilament and microtubules of the...
5.9K
Frequency Response of BJT01:24

Frequency Response of BJT

1.4K
The frequency response of a Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) in a common-emitter configuration is critical to its functionality, especially in applications involving amplification of alternating current (AC) signals. This response can be analyzed through low-frequency and high-frequency equivalent circuits, considering various internal parameters and external conditions.
Low-Frequency Response: At low frequencies, the behavior of the BJT is determined by its DC bias point, which is set by the...
1.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evidence for sweep signatures in antibiotic-resistant strains in three species of bacteria.

PeerJ·2026
Same author

Explaining the stable coexistence of drug-resistant and -susceptible pathogens: the resistance acquisition purifying selection model.

Epidemics·2025
Same author

How the waxing and waning of a mutation determines HIV treatment success.

Nature reviews. Genetics·2024
Same author

[Interdisciplinary, collaborative D-A-CH (Germany, Austria and Switzerland) consensus statement concerning the diagnostic and treatment of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome].

Wiener klinische Wochenschrift·2024
Same author

Using a decision tree to predict the number of COVID cases: a tutorial for beginners.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024
Same author

Towards evolutionary predictions: Current promises and challenges.

Evolutionary applications·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Recapitulation of an Ion Channel IV Curve Using Frequency Components
10:14

Recapitulation of an Ion Channel IV Curve Using Frequency Components

Published on: February 8, 2011

13.9K

Polygenic adaptation: From sweeps to subtle frequency shifts.

Ilse Höllinger1,2, Pleuni S Pennings3, Joachim Hermisson1,2

  • 1Mathematics and BioSciences Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Plos Genetics
|March 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Evolutionary adaptation can occur through single gene "sweeps" or subtle shifts across many genes. This study reveals the population-scaled background mutation rate (Θbg) dictates which pattern dominates, unifying these adaptation theories.

More Related Videos

Calibration of Vector Network Analyzer for Measurements in Radio Frequency Propagation Channels
10:00

Calibration of Vector Network Analyzer for Measurements in Radio Frequency Propagation Channels

Published on: June 2, 2020

22.6K
Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity
07:20

Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity

Published on: December 21, 2012

16.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Recapitulation of an Ion Channel IV Curve Using Frequency Components
10:14

Recapitulation of an Ion Channel IV Curve Using Frequency Components

Published on: February 8, 2011

13.9K
Calibration of Vector Network Analyzer for Measurements in Radio Frequency Propagation Channels
10:00

Calibration of Vector Network Analyzer for Measurements in Radio Frequency Propagation Channels

Published on: June 2, 2020

22.6K
Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity
07:20

Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity

Published on: December 21, 2012

16.5K

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Population genetics
  • Quantitative genetics

Background:

  • Conflicting paradigms exist for polygenic trait adaptation: selective sweeps vs. collective allele frequency shifts.
  • Understanding population genetic factors driving these scenarios is crucial but incomplete.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the architecture of adaptation for a binary polygenic trait with negative epistasis.
  • To synthesize conflicting evolutionary theories on adaptation mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Computer simulations were employed to model adaptation dynamics.
  • A novel analytical framework based on Yule branching processes was developed.
  • The joint distribution of mutant alleles was derived to characterize adaptation patterns.

Main Results:

  • A single parameter, the population-scaled background mutation rate (Θbg), explains diverse adaptation patterns.
  • Small Θbg (≲0.1) favors adaptation by sweeps.
  • Large Θbg (≳100) leads to small polygenic allele frequency shifts.
  • Intermediate Θbg results in a heterogeneous pattern of partial sweeps.

Conclusions:

  • The study unifies population genetics and quantitative genetics views on adaptation.
  • Θbg is a key parameter determining whether adaptation proceeds via sweeps or polygenic shifts.
  • The findings provide a comprehensive understanding of polygenic adaptation architectures.