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Influence of processing parameters on mechanical properties of a 3D-printed trabecular bone microstructure
Morteza Amini1,2, Andreas Reisinger2, Dieter H Pahr1,2
1Institute for lightweight design and structural biomechanics, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
Summary
Reproducibility of mechanical properties in 3D-printed bone scaffolds depends heavily on process parameters. Careful control over parameters like image resolution and support material is crucial for consistent results in bone scaffold fabrication.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Engineering
- Additive Manufacturing
- Biomechanical Engineering
Background:
- Natural bone microstructure offers optimal efficiency for bone scaffold design.
- 3D-printed (3DP) bone scaffolds involve critical process parameters influencing structural integrity.
- Investigating these parameters is essential for reliable bone tissue engineering applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of various process parameters on the mechanical property reproducibility of 3D-printed trabecular bone structures.
- To identify which parameters significantly affect the weight, elastic modulus, and strength of 3D-printed bone scaffolds.
Main Methods:
- Reconstruction of a 3D region of interest (ROI) of trabecular bone from microCT images of a distal radial sample.
- Performing tensile tests on bulk material and compression tests on cubic 3D-printed samples.
- Analyzing the effects of input-image resolution, STL mesh decimation, boundary conditions, support material, and repetition on mechanical properties.
Main Results:
- Bulk material exhibited consistent elastic modulus (CV=9%) and strength (CV=6%).
- 3D-printed cubic samples showed low intragroup variation in weight (avg CV=1.2%), elastic modulus (avg CV=9%), and strength (avg CV=5.5%).
- All tested parameters significantly influenced outcome variables, with minimal impact on weight.
Conclusions:
- Achieving desired mechanical properties in 3D-printed bone specimens necessitates meticulous attention to each process step and parameter.
- Process parameter optimization is critical for enhancing the reliability and reproducibility of 3D-printed bone scaffolds.
- This study highlights the importance of parameter control in the 3D printing of bone scaffolds for biomedical applications.
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