A comparative analysis of patch-leaving decision rules in a parasitoid family

The proximate behavioural rules adopted by parasitoid females to manage their foraging time on patches of hosts were studied, under standardized laboratory conditions, in different species (and populations) of the Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera) family. Seventeen species/populations were compared and the behavioural mechanisms adopted by the females were identified by means of a Cox's proportional hazards model. On average, females increased their patch-leaving tendency each time a healthy host was attacked and each time a parasitized host was rejected. Strong variation was observed in these patch-leaving mechanisms among the different species. Moreover, the interspecific variation in these two behavioural mechanisms showed a significant positive correlation, and this correlation remained significant when the phylogenetic relationship between the strains was controlled with the use of phylogenetic comparative methods. The adaptive and evolutionary meanings of these results are probably related to the ecological features and distribution patterns of the hosts attacked by the species/populations compared.