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Related Concept Videos

Altruism01:03

Altruism

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Altruistic behaviors are “unselfish” behaviors—those that help another individual at the expense of the individual carrying out the behavior. Despite the negative consequences for the altruistic animal, these behaviors are thought to have evolved for several reasons.
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Inclusive Fitness00:57

Inclusive Fitness

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Most altruistic behavior—in which one animal helps another at a cost to themselves—occurs between relatives. Scientists think these altruistic behaviors evolved because they increase the inclusive fitness of the animal providing help.
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Trophic Efficiency00:46

Trophic Efficiency

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Trophic level transfer efficiency (TLTE) is a measure of the total energy transfer from one trophic level to the next. Due to extensive energy loss as metabolic heat, an average of only 10% of the original energy obtained is passed on to the next level. This pattern of energy loss severely limits the possible number of trophic levels in a food chain.
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Competition02:34

Competition

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When organisms require the same limited resources within an environment, they may have to compete for them. Competition is a net-negative interaction. Even if two competing individuals or populations do not interact directly, the overall fitness of both competitors is lowered as a result of not having full access to the limited resource.
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Predator-Prey Interactions02:39

Predator-Prey Interactions

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Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
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Updated: May 2, 2026

A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts
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Faculty Applicants' Attempt to Inflate CVs Using Predatory Journals.

Brooks B Pond1, Stacy D Brown1, David W Stewart1

  • 1Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee.

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
|March 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Many scientists unknowingly publish in predatory journals. A review of faculty applicants at one pharmacy school revealed widespread use of these predatory publications, urging caution for other institutions.

Keywords:
applicantsfacultyjournalspharmacypredatory

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Scholarly Publishing
  • Academic Integrity

Background:

  • The rise of predatory journals threatens scientific integrity.
  • These journals often lack rigorous peer review.
  • Scientists may use them for rapid publication or due to lack of awareness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the prevalence of predatory publishing among faculty applicants in Pharmaceutical Sciences.
  • To alert pharmacy schools about potential issues with applicant CVs.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of curricula vitarum (CVs) from applicants for faculty positions.
  • Identification of publications and editorial board memberships in predatory journals.

Main Results:

  • Significant use of predatory publications and editorial board roles was observed among applicants.
  • This indicates a potential widespread issue in academic hiring.

Conclusions:

  • Search committees must meticulously vet applicant CVs for predatory publishing.
  • Protecting the integrity of scientific literature and academic hiring is crucial.