Isolation and characterization of human gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells using limiting dilution method
Lingqian Du1,2,3, Pishan Yang1,2, Shaohua Ge1,2
1Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Journal of Dental Sciences
|March 22, 2019
Summary
Gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) isolated via limiting dilution exhibit stem cell properties, unlike gingival fibroblasts. This method offers a viable source for tissue engineering applications.
Area of Science:
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Biology
- Tissue Engineering
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) are an accessible stem cell source.
- Standardized isolation methods for GMSCs are still under investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To isolate and characterize human GMSCs in vitro.
- To compare the stem cell properties of GMSCs with bulk-cultured gingival fibroblasts (GFs).
Main Methods:
- GMSCs were isolated using the limiting dilution method.
- Colony-forming ability, population doubling, cell surface markers, and multilineage differentiation potential were assessed.
- Comparison was made between GMSCs and tissue-matched bulk-cultured GFs.
Main Results:
- GMSCs demonstrated significantly higher colony-forming units-fibroblast compared to GFs (P < 0.001).
- Both cell types expressed MSC markers (CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD166) and lacked hematopoietic markers (CD14, CD34, CD45).
- GMSCs showed higher STRO-1 expression and successfully differentiated into osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages, unlike GFs.
Conclusions:
- The limiting dilution method is effective for isolating GMSCs.
- GMSCs possess distinct stem cell characteristics.
- GMSCs represent a promising alternative cell source for tissue engineering.
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