Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 27, 2026

The Establishment of a Murine Mandibular Molar Extraction Socket Healing Model
Published on: January 13, 2023
Analyses of anatomical relationship between mandibular third molar roots and variations in lingual undercut of
Sertac Aktop1, Onur Atalı1, Oguz Borahan2
1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Background/Purpose:
Anatomical features of the lingual undercut region is a potential factor that might increase the risk of displacement of a tooth or fragment. The aim of this study was to report the normal anatomical relationship of impacted lower third molar roots to the lingual cortex and soft tissues of mandible and anatomical variations of lingual balcony in the impacted third molar region.
Materials And Methods:
One hundred impacted third molars (54 males, 46 females) from 65 (31 men, 34 women) patients were evaluated for this study using cone-beam computed tomography. Three measurements [bone thickness, angle (Ang) 1 and Ang 2] were recorded on the coronal section slices of cone-beam computed tomography images; in these images, the impacted third molar root was closest to the lingual soft tissues.
Results:
The average distance between the tooth root and the lingual outer cortical bone layer (bone thickness) was 1.03 mm. The averages of Ang 1 and Ang 2 were 140.61° and 153.44°. Ang 1 and Ang 2 of female patients were larger than those of male patients.
Conclusion:
The narrow angulation of the lingual balcony region and the relationship between roots and lingual soft tissues should be noted to avoid undesirable complication of displacement of a tooth or fragment into sublingual, submandibular, and pterygomandibular spaces. There was no relation in the floor of the mouth between the position of the impacted third molar roots and different lingual undercut angulation variations.
More Related Videos
10:23Author Spotlight: Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans
Published on: September 8, 2023
05:49Author Spotlight: Advancing CBCT and Digital Dental Image Integration with AI-Assisted Digitization
Published on: February 23, 2024
Related Concept Videos
Computed Tomography
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
Molar Mass
Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography
Applications of the Ideal Gas Law: Molar Mass, Density, and Volume
What is Variation?
The range, standard deviation, standard error, and variance are the different measures of variation.
Range: The range is the difference between its maximum and...
Variation: Normal Distribution, Range, and Standard Deviation