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What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
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Gene Expression Does Not Support the Developmental Hourglass Model in Three Animals with Spiralian Development.

Longjun Wu1, Kailey E Ferger1, J David Lambert1

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY.

Molecular Biology and Evolution
|March 22, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The hourglass model of developmental evolution may not apply to all animals. Spiralia, including molluscs and annelids, show a reverse hourglass pattern with conserved early and late development, challenging previous findings.

Keywords:
evolutionary developmentevolutionary genomicshourglassphylotranscriptomicphylotypicspiralian

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • The hourglass model proposes conserved midembryonic development (phylotypic stage).
  • Molecular data has largely supported this model in various taxa.
  • However, this approach has been limited to a few groups across the tree of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hourglass model in understudied Spiralia (molluscs and annelids).
  • To apply phylotranscriptomic approaches to a broader range of taxa.
  • To determine if Spiralia exhibit conserved midembryonic development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized established phylotranscriptomic approaches.
  • Analyzed RNA-seq gene expression data from two molluscs and one polychaete annelid.
  • Compared developmental gene expression patterns to assess evolutionary conservation.

Main Results:

  • Discovered a reverse hourglass pattern in the studied spiralians.
  • Indicated more conserved early and late development stages in these species.
  • Contrasted with the typical hourglass pattern observed in other organisms.

Conclusions:

  • Spiralians exhibit a divergent midembryonic stage, challenging the universal hourglass model.
  • Findings suggest evolutionary patterns in developmental biology can vary significantly across taxa.
  • Highlights the importance of studying underrepresented groups like Spiralia for a comprehensive understanding of evolution.