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Understanding and Measuring Symptom Burden in Heart Failure: A Concept Analysis
Macy L Stockdill1, Patricia A Patrician1, Marie Bakitas1
1The University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
Insights
Understanding heart failure symptom burden is crucial for effective patient care. This study clarifies key attributes and consequences of symptom burden in chronic heart failure patients.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Nursing
- Health Sciences
Background:
- Heart failure (HF) presents a significant symptom burden impacting patients' daily lives.
- Current research uses the concept of HF symptom burden inconsistently, hindering effective management.
- A clear conceptual understanding is essential for developing targeted symptom management and palliation strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To clarify the concept of heart failure symptom burden using Rodgers' evolutionary method.
- To identify key attributes, antecedents, and consequences of heart failure symptom burden.
- To inform the development of consistent measurement strategies for HF symptom burden.
Main Methods:
- Conducted a concept analysis using Rodgers' evolutionary method.
- Searched major databases (CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, PubMed) for relevant literature.
- Analyzed 20 articles focused on chronic heart failure symptom burden.
Main Results:
- Identified key attributes: subjectivity, negative impact on life/functioning, synergistic symptom associations, symptom exacerbation.
- Related terms include symptom distress and experience; a surrogate term is heart failure burden.
- Antecedents involve HF classification/stage; consequences include increased morbidity/mortality and decreased quality of life.
- No established gold standard for measuring HF symptom burden was identified.
Conclusions:
- The concept of heart failure symptom burden requires clearer definition and consistent measurement.
- Further research is needed to validate measurement strategies across diverse patient populations.
- Improved conceptual clarity will support better symptom management and palliation in heart failure care.
Abstract:
Heart failure is a common, complex, and costly condition accompanied by a high degree of symptom burden. The concept of heart failure symptom burden has been used and measured inconsistently in research. To develop effective symptom management and palliation strategies, a clear conceptual understanding is needed. Rodgers' evolutionary method of concept analysis was used to identify articles in CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, and PubMed focused on chronic heart failure. Analysis of 20 articles revealed key attributes (subjectivity, negative impact on daily life and/or overall functioning, synergistic symptom associations, and symptom exacerbation), related terms (symptom distress and symptom experience), a surrogate term (heart failure burden), antecedents (heart failure classification or stage), and consequences (increased morbidity/mortality, decreased functioning, increased symptom prevalence/severity, decreased quality of life, and recurrent hospital admissions). No gold standard for measurement was identified. Research is needed to validate heart failure symptom burden measurement strategies across populations.
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