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Constructing validity: New developments in creating objective measuring instruments.

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This study updates best practices for psychological scale construction, emphasizing construct validity and addressing hierarchical structures in personality and psychopathology assessment. It guides researchers in developing reliable and valid psychological measures.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychological Measurement
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Personality Assessment

Background:

  • Builds upon the foundational work of Clark and Watson (1995) on scale construction.
  • Addresses evolving challenges in clinical and personality assessment over 25 years.
  • Highlights the enduring importance of Loevinger's theoretical scheme for scale development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated synopsis of key principles in psychological scale development.
  • To discuss contemporary issues and practical considerations for maximizing construct validity.
  • To integrate advancements in understanding personality and psychopathology structures into scale construction.

Main Methods:

  • Reiterates and expands upon established principles for scale development, including construct conceptualization, item pool creation, and validation strategies.
  • Introduces considerations for hierarchical structures of personality and psychopathology.
  • Discusses item-response theory and various forms of external validity (convergent, discriminant, incremental).

Main Results:

  • Emphasizes unidimensionality over internal consistency for robust scale development.
  • Addresses the development of scales within hierarchical structures, including 'orphan' and 'interstitial' constructs.
  • Highlights the importance of developing alternative measure versions (short forms, translations, informant versions).

Conclusions:

  • Reaffirms that sound measurement is fundamental to the advancement of psychological science.
  • Stresses the need for continued efforts in developing reliable and valid psychological measures.
  • Advocates for a nuanced approach to scale construction that considers complex theoretical structures and diverse validity evidence.