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Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Generating Chimeric Zebrafish Embryos by Transplantation
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Chimerism, Transplant Tolerance, and Beyond

Franka Messner1,2, Joanna W Etra1, Jeffrey M Dodd-O3

  • 1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.

Transplantation
|March 22, 2019
PubMed

The present review discusses current developments in tolerance induction for solid organ transplantation with a particular emphasis on chimerism-based approaches. It explains the basic mechanisms of chimerism-based tolerance and provides an update on ongoing clinical tolerance trials. The concept of "delayed tolerance" is presented, and ongoing preclinical studies in the nonhuman primate setting-including current limitations and hurdles regarding this approach-are illustrated. In addition, a brief overview and update on cell-based tolerogenic clinical trials is provided. In a critical approach, advantages, limitations, and potential implications for the future of these different regimens are discussed.

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