Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

What is a Species?01:17

What is a Species?

49.7K
Overview
49.7K
Keystone Species01:39

Keystone Species

24.6K
Measures of species biodiversity, such as richness (i.e., the number of species present) and evenness (i.e., their relative abundance), describe an ecological community’s structure. Many factors affect community structure, including abiotic factors (e.g., sunlight and nutrients), disturbances (e.g., fire or flood), species interactions (e.g., predation or competition), and chance events (e.g., foreign species invasion). Certain species—such as keystone species—also play a...
24.6K
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

3.9K
Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
3.9K
Formation of Species01:31

Formation of Species

44.9K
Speciation describes the formation of one or more new species from one or sometimes multiple original species. The resulting species are discrete from the parent species, and barriers to reproduction will typically exist. There are two primary mechanisms, speciation with and without geographic isolation—allopatric and sympatric speciation, respectively.
44.9K
Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

4.7K
Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved...
4.7K
Atomic Mass01:52

Atomic Mass

70.0K
Atoms — and the protons, neutrons, and electrons that compose them — are extremely small. For example, a carbon atom weighs less than 2 × 10−23 g. When describing the properties of tiny objects such as atoms, we use appropriately small units of measure, such as the atomic mass unit (amu). The amu was originally defined based on hydrogen, the lightest element, then later in terms of oxygen. Since 1961, it has been defined with regard to the most abundant isotope of carbon, atoms of which...
70.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Unexpected Self-Reactivity of a Pyridinium-Benzimidazolate Zwitterion Leading to a Novel Atropoisomeric Scaffold with Single-Component White Light Emission.

Organic letters·2026
Same author

Isolation of Germyliumylidene-Stabilized Heteronuclear Transition Metal Complexes.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025
Same author

Edge-condensation to access a crystalline planar icosagen cation with σ-aromaticity.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Multi-State Aromaticity: Aromatics in Both Ground and Lowest Excited States.

Chemistry, an Asian journal·2025
Same author

Borane-Mediated Polyhedral Expansion to Access Metal-Free Neutral and Cationic Derivatives of <i>closo</i>-Heptaboranes.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2024
Same author

Crystalline Radical Anion of a Diboratriazole and Its Conversion to a Neutral Radical Driven by a Carbene.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Negative Additive Manufacturing of Complex Shaped Boron Carbides
06:45

Negative Additive Manufacturing of Complex Shaped Boron Carbides

Published on: September 18, 2018

9.1K

Crystalline Tetraatomic Boron(0) Species.

Wei Lu1, Yongxin Li1, Rei Kinjo1

  • 1Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 637371 , Singapore.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|March 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers synthesized a neutral tetraboron species with a planar boron(0) unit, featuring delocalized electrons within its σ-framework and a conjugated π-system. This discovery advances understanding of low-valent boron chemistry.

More Related Videos

Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators
12:04

Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators

Published on: May 20, 2018

9.5K
Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction
11:17

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction

Published on: January 19, 2016

23.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Negative Additive Manufacturing of Complex Shaped Boron Carbides
06:45

Negative Additive Manufacturing of Complex Shaped Boron Carbides

Published on: September 18, 2018

9.1K
Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators
12:04

Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators

Published on: May 20, 2018

9.5K
Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction
11:17

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction

Published on: January 19, 2016

23.1K

Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Organoboron Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Low-valent main group compounds are crucial for understanding chemical bonding.
  • Boron's unique electronic properties enable novel bonding motifs and reactivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel neutral tetraboron species.
  • To investigate the electronic structure and bonding in low-valent boron clusters.

Main Methods:

  • Reaction of a 1,2-diboraallene with tetrabromodiborane in the presence of a cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (cAAC).
  • X-ray diffraction analysis.
  • Computational studies (e.g., DFT).

Main Results:

  • Formation of a neutral tetraboron species (2) with a planar B4 unit and an average oxidation state of zero.
  • X-ray diffraction confirmed the planar structure.
  • Computational analysis revealed delocalized σ-electrons within the B4 unit and a conjugated π-system across the C-B3-C moiety.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized species represents a unique example of a boron(0) cluster.
  • The delocalized electronic structure highlights novel bonding in low-valent boron systems.
  • This work expands the scope of accessible low-valent boron compounds.