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Types of Hormones

Types of Hormones

Hormones can be classified into three main types based on their chemical structures: steroids, peptides, and amines. Their actions are mediated by the specific receptors they bind to on target cells.

Types of Hormones

Types of Hormones

Hormones are classified into four main groups: steroids, eicosanoids, amino acid-based derivatives, and peptide hormones.
Steroids and eicosanoids fall under the category of lipid-soluble hormones. Steroids are derived from cholesterol and feature four interconnected carbon rings with variable side chains. Notable examples include estradiol from ovaries and testosterone from testes, exemplifying the critical roles of these lipid-soluble hormones in reproductive physiology. Eicosanoids, derived...

Hormonal Regulation

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.

Hormonal Regulation

Hormonal Regulation

Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.

Plant Hormones

Plant Hormones

Plant hormones—or phytohormones—are chemical molecules that modulate one or more physiological processes of a plant. In animals, hormones are often produced in specific glands and circulated via the circulatory system. However, plants lack hormone-producing glands.

Uterine Tubes

Uterine Tubes

The uterine or fallopian tubes function as the conduit through which oocytes travel from the ovaries to the uterus. Each fallopian tube measures approximately 10 to 13 cm long and is anatomically divided into the infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, and interstitial part (or intramural segment). The infundibulum is characterized by its funnel shape and features extensions called fimbriae which reach towards the peritoneal cavity. These fimbriae play a critical role during ovulation as they extend...

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Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies

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Hormonal therapy in uterine sarcomas.

Yuqin Zang¹, Mengting Dong¹, Kai Zhang¹

¹Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.

Cancer Medicine

|March 22, 2019

Summary

Hormonal therapy shows promise for aggressive uterine sarcomas (USs), particularly for recurrent or hormone-sensitive types. Further research is needed to establish optimal treatment regimens for these rare cancers.

Keywords:

aromatase inhibitors gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue hormonal therapy progestins uterine sarcomas

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Area of Science:

Gynecologic Oncology
Medical Oncology
Reproductive Medicine

Background:

Uterine sarcomas (USs) are rare, aggressive malignancies with poor prognosis due to high recurrence and metastasis rates.
Current treatments like surgery and chemoradiotherapy offer limited clinical benefit, highlighting the need for alternative therapies.
Hormonal therapy presents a promising avenue, with agents like progestins, aromatase inhibitors (AIs), and GnRH analogues showing potential.

Purpose of the Study:

To review existing literature on hormonal therapy for uterine sarcomas.
To provide insights for clinical management of USs in specific settings.
To identify the need for further systematic research and clinical trials.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on hormonal therapy in uterine sarcomas.
Analysis of hormonal agents including progestins, aromatase inhibitors, and GnRH analogues.
Examination of hormonal therapy's efficacy in low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LGESS) and hormone receptor-positive (ER+/PR+) uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS).

Main Results:

Hormonal therapy is effective for recurrent, metastatic, or unresectable LGESS and ER+/PR+ uLMS.
Favorable tolerance and compliance are noted with hormonal agents.
Hormonal therapy can be considered for early-stage disease in patients desiring fertility preservation.

Conclusions:

Hormonal therapy is a viable option for specific subtypes of uterine sarcomas.
The current understanding of hormonal therapy in USs is based on limited data, often extrapolated from breast cancer studies.
Standardized clinical trials are essential to determine optimal hormonal therapy regimens for uterine sarcomas.