Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Indicators02:39

Indicators

60.4K
Certain organic substances change color in dilute solution when the hydronium ion concentration reaches a particular value. For example, phenolphthalein is a colorless substance in any aqueous solution with a hydronium ion concentration greater than 5.0 × 10−9 M (pH < 8.3). In more basic solutions where the hydronium ion concentration is less than 5.0 × 10−9 M (pH > 8.3), it is red or pink. Substances such as phenolphthalein, which can be used to determine the pH of a solution, are...
60.4K
Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

33.2K
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
33.2K
Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

3.3K
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over...
3.3K
Emerging Adulthood01:27

Emerging Adulthood

656
Jeffrey Arnett's concept of emerging adulthood offers a framework to understand the unique developmental stage between adolescence and full-fledged adulthood, generally from ages 18 to 25. This period is marked by extensive exploration and shifts in identity, relationships, and career choices, a process known in psychology as role experimentation. Emerging adulthood reflects the evolving cultural expectations surrounding adulthood and the dynamic process of personal transformation during...
656
Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation03:12

Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation

39.9K
Boiling Point Elevation
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to ambient atmospheric pressure. Since the vapor pressure of a solution is lowered due to the presence of nonvolatile solutes, it stands to reason that the solution’s boiling point will subsequently be increased. Vapor pressure increases with temperature, and so a solution will require a higher temperature than will pure solvent to achieve any given vapor pressure, including one...
39.9K
Depressants01:28

Depressants

414
Depressant drugs, including alcohol and sedative-hypnotics, diminish central nervous system activity by enhancing the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that reduces brain activity and promotes relaxation. These substances can have various therapeutic uses but also pose significant risks, especially when misused or combined.
Alcohol is a common depressant that can induce a sense of relaxation and reduced inhibition at low doses. Contrary to its occasional...
414

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Shared neural geometries for bilingual semantic representations in human hippocampal neurons.

Cell·2026
Same author

Human neuronal firing varies with the frequency of local field potential oscillations.

PLoS biology·2026
Same author

Outcomes of Combined Microsurgery and Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Motor Strip Brain Metastases.

World neurosurgery·2026
Same author

Neural basis of successful DBS for OCD after failed capsulotomy.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Prefrontal cortex connectivity profiles distinguish rapid from slow responders to deep brain stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Author Correction: Plasticity and language in the anaesthetized human hippocampus.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors.

Neurosurgery clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Spinal Cord Deformities Associated with Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors.

Neurosurgery clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Radiation Therapy for Spinal Cord Tumors.

Neurosurgery clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Treatment Strategies of Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors.

Neurosurgery clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Vascular Lesions of the Spinal Cord: Arteriovenous and Cavernous Malformations.

Neurosurgery clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Hemangioblastomas of the Spinal Cord.

Neurosurgery clinics of North America·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

How to Use the H1 Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Coil for Conditions Other than Depression
07:00

How to Use the H1 Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Coil for Conditions Other than Depression

Published on: January 23, 2017

24.8K

Deep Brain Stimulation for Depression: An Emerging Indication.

Megan M Filkowski1, Sameer A Sheth1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Neurosurgery Clinics of North America
|March 23, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) affects 30% of patients. Neurosurgical interventions, particularly deep brain stimulation, offer new therapeutic options for TRD, with recent advancements and future directions explored.

Keywords:
Deep brain stimulationDepressionMood disordersNeuromodulation

More Related Videos

Deep Brain Stimulation with Simultaneous fMRI in Rodents
11:09

Deep Brain Stimulation with Simultaneous fMRI in Rodents

Published on: February 15, 2014

14.6K
A General Method for Evaluating Deep Brain Stimulation Effects on Intravenous Methamphetamine Self-Administration
09:16

A General Method for Evaluating Deep Brain Stimulation Effects on Intravenous Methamphetamine Self-Administration

Published on: January 22, 2016

15.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 27, 2026

How to Use the H1 Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Coil for Conditions Other than Depression
07:00

How to Use the H1 Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Coil for Conditions Other than Depression

Published on: January 23, 2017

24.8K
Deep Brain Stimulation with Simultaneous fMRI in Rodents
11:09

Deep Brain Stimulation with Simultaneous fMRI in Rodents

Published on: February 15, 2014

14.6K
A General Method for Evaluating Deep Brain Stimulation Effects on Intravenous Methamphetamine Self-Administration
09:16

A General Method for Evaluating Deep Brain Stimulation Effects on Intravenous Methamphetamine Self-Administration

Published on: January 22, 2016

15.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Psychiatry
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Depression is a complex mental health disorder.
  • Approximately 30% of patients experience treatment-resistant depression (TRD).
  • Conventional treatments are ineffective for a significant portion of the depressed population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review neurosurgical interventions for TRD.
  • To focus on advancements in deep brain stimulation (DBS) for TRD.
  • To discuss future directions for DBS in treating depression.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of neurosurgical interventions for TRD.
  • Analysis of recent advancements in deep brain stimulation (DBS) techniques.
  • Exploration of future research and clinical applications of DBS.

Main Results:

  • Neurosurgical options, including lesion procedures and DBS, are viable for TRD.
  • Deep brain stimulation shows promise as a therapeutic strategy.
  • Recent advancements are expanding the potential of DBS.

Conclusions:

  • Neurosurgical interventions provide alternative treatments for TRD.
  • Deep brain stimulation is a rapidly evolving field for depression management.
  • Further research is needed to optimize DBS for treatment-resistant depression.