The critical role of Dectin-1 in host controlling systemic Candida krusei infection

There are increasing invasive fungal infections associated with non-albicans, which causes mortal infections in immune deficiency population. Candida krusei is a major non-albicans that exhibits intrinsic resistance to fluconazole and makes clinical treatment difficult. Previous studies revealed that C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) Dectin-1 plays critical roles in host defense against C. albicans infections. C. krusei and C. albicans are phylogenetically different although in the same genus. Whether Dectin-1 contributes to host immune response against C. krusei infection is still unknown. In the present study, we explored the potential roles of the Dectin-1 in host defense against C. krusei. We found that Dectin-1 ligand β-(1,3)-glucan markedly exposed on the cell surface of C. krusei, while β-(1,3)-glucan of C. albicans is masked. Dectin-1 is required for host myeloid cells recognition, killing of C. krusei, and development of subsequent Th1 and Th17 cell-mediated adaptive immune response. Furthermore, Dectin-1-deficient mice (Dectin-1 ) are more susceptible to C. krusei infection. Together, we confirmed the important roles of Dectin-1 in host defense against C. krusei infection, demonstrating a previously unknown mechanism for C. krusei infection. Our study, therefore, provides a further understanding of host immune response against C. krusei.