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Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Neuronavigated Focalized Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Administered During Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Published on: November 15, 2024
Transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy for focal leg dystonia: a case report
Kush Sharma1, Alberto Cucca1, Andrea Lee1,2
11The Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson's and Movement Disorders, NYU School of Medicine, 222 E 41st Street, 13th Floor, New York, NY 10017 USA.
Background:
Dystonia is a debilitating disease that causes abnormal, often repetitive, movements, postures or both. The pathophysiology is unknown but related to loss of neuronal inhibition, aberrant sensorimotor integration, and/or derangements of synaptic plasticity. Current treatments include pharmacotherapy, botulinum toxin injections and deep brain stimulation (DBS). The response to these treatments are often limited and carry the risk of side effects requiring alternative therapies such as non-invasive brain stimulation.
Case Presentation:
We present a case report of a 65-year -old man with refractory focal 'task-specific' dystonia. The treatment plan included 10-daily sessions of 1 Hz, 2600 pulses of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) targeting the primary motor cortex.
Conclusion:
There were no clinical benefits noticed. Currently, there are no rTMS protocol treatments for dystonia. Publication of negative results will help in refining the optimal stimulation parameters, thus maximizing the effectiveness and reproducibility of future therapeutic protocols.
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Types of Reports I: Hands-off Report
Following are the key components and categories of hand-off reports:
Purpose and Process:

