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Purification of a High Molecular Mass Protein in Streptococcus mutans
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Group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae).

Vanessa N Raabe1,2, Andi L Shane2

  • 1Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur, GA 30030.

Microbiology Spectrum
|March 23, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) causes significant invasive disease, especially in neonates and high-risk adults. Strategies for host identification, judicious antimicrobial use, and GBS vaccines are crucial for reducing disease burden.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Group B Streptococcus (GBS), or Streptococcus agalactiae, causes diverse invasive diseases.
  • Serotypes Ia, Ib, II, III, and V are common in North America.
  • GBS is a leading cause of neonatal bacterial infection and morbidity globally, affecting pregnant women, neonates, and the elderly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the spectrum of GBS invasive disease.
  • To discuss current treatment and prophylaxis strategies.
  • To highlight the need for novel prevention and treatment approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of GBS epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and antimicrobial resistance.
  • Analysis of the impact of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis.
  • Examination of current therapeutic options and emerging resistance patterns.

Main Results:

  • Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis reduced early-onset neonatal GBS disease but not late-onset.
  • Penicillin G remains primary therapy, but reduced susceptibility is noted.
  • Resistance to clindamycin, erythromycin, and fluoroquinolones is increasing, with some vancomycin resistance.

Conclusions:

  • GBS continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality.
  • Antimicrobial resistance is a growing concern.
  • Developing host identification, narrow-spectrum antimicrobial strategies, and vaccines are essential for GBS disease control.