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Border disease in cattle.

Ueli Braun1, Monika Hilbe2, Ernst Peterhans3

  • 1Department of Farm Animals, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.

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Summary

Border disease virus (BDV) in cattle can mimic bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infections, complicating diagnosis. While interspecies transmission occurs, BDV in cattle is generally of minor importance but can cause costly outbreaks.

Keywords:
Border diseaseBovine viral diarrhoeaCattleClinical findingsEpidemiology

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Animal Health Economics

Background:

  • Pestiviruses, including Border disease virus (BDV), are significant pathogens in livestock.
  • Historically, pestivirus classification relied on host species, but broad species tropism is now recognized.
  • Border disease virus (BDV) is primarily associated with sheep but can infect other bovine species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical, hematological, and pathological findings of Border disease virus (BDV) infection in cattle.
  • To highlight diagnostic challenges in differentiating BDV from other pestiviruses in cattle.
  • To underscore the economic impact of BDV in cattle, particularly in relation to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) eradication programs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on BDV infection in cattle.
  • Comparison of clinical signs, hematological changes, and pathological findings between BDV and BVDV infections in bovines.
  • Analysis of diagnostic difficulties and implications for BVDV control programs.

Main Results:

  • Clinical, hematological, and pathological findings in cattle infected with BDV resemble those of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV).
  • Differentiating BDV from other pestiviruses in cattle is diagnostically challenging.
  • Sheep act as a reservoir for BDV, with regular interspecies transmission to cattle.

Conclusions:

  • BDV infection in cattle presents diagnostic challenges due to similarities with BVDV.
  • While BDV in cattle is generally of minor importance, it can lead to significant economic losses at farm or local levels.
  • The presence of BDV in sheep, often outside BVDV eradication schemes, necessitates careful consideration for disease control in cattle.