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Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task
Published on: January 9, 2016
Role of delay discounting in predicting change in HBA1c for individuals with prediabetes
Leonard H Epstein1, Rocco A Paluch2, Jeff S Stein3
1Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Farber Hall, Room G56, 3435 Main Street, Building #26, Buffalo, NY, 14214-3000, USA. lhenet@buffalo.edu.
Abstract:
The majority of people with prediabetes transition to type 2 diabetes. Weight gain is a known predictor of increasing the risk of diabetes, but another reason may be a focus on immediate rewards and discounting of the future. Delay discounting (DD: devaluation of future consequences) is related to obesity and poor glycemic control in persons with type 2 diabetes. This study was designed to assess whether changes in DD are associated with HbA1c change beyond BMI change in individuals with prediabetes. Hierarchical regression showed changes in BMI (p = 0.008) and the $1000 DD task (p = 0.04) were associated with HbA1c change beyond demographic characteristics, with the full model accounting for 25.8% of the variance. Those with greater BMI increases and greater increases in discounting of the future showed the greatest increases in HbA1c. DD represents a novel target to prevent progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes.
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