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Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
Published on: November 10, 2014
Clinical practice guidelines on ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules: a critical
Salvatore Gitto1, Sotirios Bisdas2,3, Ilaria Emili4
1Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy. sal.gitto@gmail.com.
Purpose:
To appraise the quality of current guidelines on fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of thyroid nodules for adults using the AGREE II quality assessment tool.
Methods:
We conducted an online search for guidelines on FNAB of thyroid nodules published between 2013 and October 2018. They were evaluated by four independent reviewers previously trained to apply the AGREE II instrument, which is organized into items and domains. A fifth independent reviewer calculated scores for each domain and guideline as well as inter-appraiser agreement.
Results:
Six sets of guidelines were included, respectively, provided by the American Thyroid Association (ATA), the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology/Associazione Medici Endocrinologi (AACE/ACE/AME), the Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology (KSThR), the European Thyroid Association (ETA), the American College of Radiology (ACR) and the Korean Society of Radiology and National Evidence-Based Healthcare Collaborating Agency (KSR/NECA). Five out of the six guidelines (ATA, AACE/ACE/AME, ETA, ACR and KSR/NECA) reached a high level of overall quality, having at least five domain scores >60%. An average level of overall quality was achieved in one case (KSThR recommendations). Inter-appraiser agreement ranged from moderate to excellent.
Conclusions:
Overall, the quality of guidelines on FNAB of thyroid nodules is satisfactory when evaluated using the AGREE II instrument.
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