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An Approach to Enhance Alignment and Myelination of Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons

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Neuronal activity-dependent myelin repair after stroke.

Wanyi Jia¹, Yasmine Kamen¹, Helena Pivonkova¹

¹Wellcome - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute & Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

Neuroscience Letters

|March 25, 2019

Summary

Brain plasticity aids stroke recovery, but myelin repair is key. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are vital for myelin repair, but their function declines with age, impacting stroke recovery.

Keywords:

Glia Myelin Myelination Neuronal activity Neurotransmitter Oligodendrocyte precursor cell Stroke

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In Vivo Two-photon Imaging Of Experience-dependent Molecular Changes In Cortical Neurons

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Published on: January 5, 2013

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cell Biology
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

Stroke induces brain reorganization and partial functional recovery via neuronal plasticity.
Myelin repair, through myelin plasticity or remyelination by oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), is essential for restoring neuronal network function after stroke.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the mechanisms of myelin repair post-stroke.
To investigate the role of neuronal activity and glutamate signaling in guiding OPC differentiation.
To understand how aging affects OPCs' response to neuronal activity and their myelin repair capacity.

Main Methods:

The study focuses on the biological processes of neuronal plasticity and myelin repair.
It examines the signaling pathways involving neuronal activity and glutamate in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs).
Age-related changes in OPCs' ion channel and neurotransmitter receptor expression are considered.

Main Results:

Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are crucial for myelin repair after stroke, either via myelin plasticity or remyelination.
Neuronal activity and glutamate signaling are postulated to guide OPC differentiation into myelin-forming oligodendrocytes (OLs).
Aging impairs OPC differentiation due to altered receptor expression, reducing their responsiveness to neuronal activity.

Conclusions:

Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are a promising therapeutic target for enhancing myelin repair after stroke.
Understanding the age-related decline in OPC function is critical for developing effective stroke recovery strategies.
Targeting OPCs could restore myelin integrity and improve functional outcomes in stroke patients.