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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
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Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

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All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...
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Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Models of Bone Metastasis
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MicroRNAs in Bone Metastasis.

Eric Hesse1, Hanna Taipaleenmäki2

  • 1Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Molecular Skeletal Biology Laboratory, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany. e.hesse@uke.de.

Current Osteoporosis Reports
|March 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators in cancer development and bone metastasis. These molecules show promise for improving cancer diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment, emerging as vital tools in translational medicine.

Keywords:
BiomarkerBoneCancerMetastasisTherapymicroRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression.
  • Dysregulation of miRNAs is implicated in various diseases, including cancer.
  • Recent advancements highlight the critical role of miRNAs in tumorigenesis and metastasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent literature on the role of miRNAs in cancer formation.
  • To focus on the involvement of miRNAs in bone metastasis.
  • To examine miRNA involvement in osteosarcoma, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific publications.
  • Analysis of studies investigating miRNA functions in cancer.
  • Synthesis of findings related to miRNA signaling networks.

Main Results:

  • Major discoveries have identified novel signaling networks where miRNAs play central roles in tumorigenesis and metastasis.
  • MiRNAs demonstrate disease-modifying properties, suggesting therapeutic potential.
  • Significant advancements have been made in understanding miRNA involvement across various cancers and metastatic processes.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs are crucial regulators of cellular and molecular events in cancer.
  • MiRNAs hold potential for improving cancer diagnosis, patient follow-up, and treatment strategies.
  • MiRNAs represent a promising new class of therapeutic molecules for translational medicine.