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Cancer screening: health impact, prevalence, correlates, and interventions
Elizabeth A Sarma1, Michelle I Silver1, Sarah C Kobrin1
1Healthcare Delivery Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute , Rockville , Maryland , USA.
Psychology & Health
|March 26, 2019
Summary
Cancer screening tests reduce deaths, but uptake is low. Understanding multilevel factors and psychological influences is key to improving screening behavior and adherence to guidelines.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Public Health
- Behavioral Science
Background:
- Cancer screening tests significantly reduce mortality.
- Routine screening uptake often falls below recommended levels globally, particularly for colorectal cancer.
- Screening behavior is influenced by sociodemographic factors and multilevel determinants.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent research on cancer screening tests, including their definition, health impact, and prevalence.
- To discuss multilevel correlates and determinants of screening uptake.
- To examine interventions aimed at increasing cancer screening adherence.
Main Methods:
- This study employed a narrative review methodology.
- It synthesized epidemiological evidence on the effectiveness of cancer screening.
- It explored various factors influencing screening behavior and intervention strategies.
Main Results:
- Epidemiological data confirm the mortality-reducing effectiveness of recommended cancer screening tests.
- Significant disparities in screening uptake exist, influenced by sociodemographic and other multilevel factors.
- While patient education and provider recommendations show empirical support, interventions at the clinic level yield mixed results.
Conclusions:
- Psychologists can play a crucial role in understanding and modifying screening behavior by considering psychological factors alongside other multilevel influences.
- Evolving screening recommendations necessitate a comprehensive approach to address psychological and behavioral determinants.
- Integrating insights from psychological, affective, decision, and behavioral economics sciences can enhance screening uptake strategies.
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