Ionic Liquid-Stabilized Titania Quantum Dots Applied in Adhesive Resin
I M Garcia1, V S Souza2, C Hellriegel3
11 Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Journal of Dental Research
|March 26, 2019
Summary
This study developed stable titanium dioxide quantum dots (TiO2QDs) using an ionic liquid, enhancing dental adhesive resins. The modified resin demonstrated antibacterial properties and maintained bond strength without cytotoxicity.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science: Synthesis and characterization of novel nanomaterials.
- Biomaterials Engineering: Development of advanced dental restorative materials.
Background:
- Traditional sol-gel synthesis of quantum dots (QDs) for dental applications yields low stability and poor performance.
- Need for improved nanoparticle stabilization in resin-based dental materials to enhance functionality.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize stable titanium dioxide quantum dots (TiO2QDs) using an imidazolium ionic liquid (BMI.BF4) as a stabilizing agent.
- To evaluate the impact of incorporating TiO2QDs/BMI.BF4 into methacrylate-based adhesive resin on its physical, chemical, and biological properties.
- To assess the antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, polymerization, bond strength, and solvent resistance of the modified adhesive resin.
Main Methods:
- Synthesis of TiO2QDs/BMI.BF4 via a chemical route, followed by isolation and characterization using micro-Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
- Formulation of experimental adhesive resins with varying concentrations (2.5% and 5% wt) of TiO2QDs/BMI.BF4, alongside a control group.
- Evaluation of nanoparticle dispersion using TEM and fluorescence microscopy.
- Comprehensive testing of adhesive resins for antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, polymerization kinetics, degree of conversion, solvent softening, and microtensile bond strength (immediate and long-term).
Main Results:
- TiO2QDs/BMI.BF4 powder exhibited anatase and rutile phases, with a BMI.BF4 content of 26 wt% and particle sizes ranging from 1.19 to 7.11 nm (mean 3.54 ± 1.08 nm).
- The TiO2QDs/BMI.BF4 nanoparticles were well-dispersed in the adhesive resin without agglomeration, showing intermittent luminescence.
- Incorporation of TiO2QDs/BMI.BF4 provided immediate and long-term antibacterial effects without inducing cytotoxicity in pulp fibroblasts.
- The 2.5 wt% TiO2QDs/BMI.BF4 group demonstrated comparable polymerization behavior, degree of conversion, and solvent resistance to the control, while maintaining immediate and long-term bond adhesion to the tooth structure.
Conclusions:
- The chemical synthesis using BMI.BF4 effectively produced stable TiO2QDs suitable for incorporation into dental adhesive resins.
- The 2.5 wt% concentration of TiO2QDs/BMI.BF4 in adhesive resin offers significant advantages, including antibacterial properties and maintained mechanical integrity.
- This formulation represents a promising advancement in dental adhesives, enhancing therapeutic effects without compromising clinical performance.
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