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The birth of a coronal mass ejection.

Tingyu Gou1,2,3, Rui Liu1,3, Bernhard Kliem4,5

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Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) originate from merging mini flux ropes (plasmoids) within the Sun's atmosphere. This observation reveals the continuous evolution of a CME bubble from these smaller structures, explaining their eruption pathway.

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Area of Science:

  • Solar physics
  • Plasma astrophysics
  • Space weather

Background:

  • Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are significant solar events.
  • The origin and eruption pathways of flux ropes within CMEs are not fully understood.
  • Magnetic reconnection is thought to link flares, CMEs, and energetic particles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To observe and describe the continuous evolution of a stellar-sized CME bubble.
  • To investigate the formation and dynamics of flux ropes preceding CME eruptions.
  • To bridge the gap between microscale and macroscale plasma dynamics in solar eruptions.

Main Methods:

  • Observational analysis of a CME event.
  • Tracking the evolution of plasmoids (mini flux ropes).
  • Correlation of plasmoid merging with CME bubble expansion and hard X-ray bursts.

Main Results:

  • Observed continuous evolution of a CME bubble from merging plasmoids within 30 minutes.
  • Plasmoids originated from a vertical current sheet and merged into a leading structure.
  • The leading plasmoid expanded impulsively into a CME bubble, accompanied by hard X-ray bursts.

Conclusions:

  • Provides a direct observation of flux rope formation and CME eruption.
  • Demonstrates a complete CME evolutionary path from microscale plasmoids to macroscale bubbles.
  • Offers a unified model for understanding various plasma phenomena in solar eruptions.