Treatment recommendations for small gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors: positive endoscopic resection

Objectives: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic resection and discuss the treatment strategy of small gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) less than 2 cm. Material and methods: The data of 713 patients, who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for gastric submucosal tumors (SMTs), were retrospectively analyzed. We investigated the clinicopathological features and analyzed the risk potential of small gastric GISTs, and documented therapeutic and follow-up outcomes. We also compared the follow-up results between operated patients and 58 patients who were suspected of small gastric GISTs and underwent regular surveillance under endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in the same period. Results: GISTs were the most common gastric SMTs (289 cases, 40.5%), of which small GISTs were found in 250 cases. The mitotic index was less than 5 in all cases. However, 122 out of 250 cases (48.8%) had adverse factors under EUS, which were related to tumor size (p < .01). ESD was successfully performed in all patients, and no serious complication or perioperative death occurred. The follow-up period for 42.07 ± 22.49 months revealed improvement of symptoms in 80.2% patients and showed no recurrence or metastasis. Of the 58 patients selected for EUS surveillance, 48 (82.8%) presented with gastrointestinal symptoms and 41 out of 48 (85.4%) were not relieved during follow-up and 16 (27.6%) with severe psychological problems. Conclusions: ESD is a safe and effective treatment for small GISTs, which helps to confirm the diagnosis, improve symptoms and reduce the psychological pressure. Thus, we recommend endoscopic resection is a good option for small gastric GISTs once diagnosed.