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Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
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Fabricating Single-Atom Catalysts from Chelating Metal in Open Frameworks.

Yichao Lin1,2, Pingying Liu1,3, Ever Velasco4

  • 1Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
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A new method creates stable metal single-atom catalysts (SACs) on nitrogen-doped carbon. These catalysts show high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and stability, outperforming previous designs.

Keywords:
DFT calculationsSingle atom catalysiselectrocatalystsoxygen reduction reaction

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Single-atom catalysts (SACs) offer high atom utilization efficiency.
  • Developing stable and highly active SACs remains a challenge.
  • Nitrogen-doped carbon (N-C) matrices are promising supports for SACs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel strategy for fabricating stable metal single-atom catalysts.
  • To investigate the catalytic performance of these SACs for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
  • To explore the potential of this strategy for synthesizing various transition metal SACs.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of SACs using open framework platforms and postsynthetic modification.
  • Pyrolysis and acid leaching to isolate single metal atoms on an N-C matrix.
  • Electrochemical characterization for ORR activity and stability testing.
  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations to understand catalytic mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Uniform distribution of single metal atoms coordinated with five nitrogen atoms on the N-C matrix.
  • Fe SAC/N-C catalyst demonstrated excellent ORR activity (0.89 V half-wave potential), stability, and methanol tolerance.
  • DFT calculations indicated that pyridine coordination enhances ORR activity by modulating oxygen interaction with Fe.
  • The strategy was successfully extended to other transition metal SACs.

Conclusions:

  • A highly efficient strategy for fabricating stable metal SACs with enhanced ORR performance was developed.
  • The unique coordination environment (5-N) contributes to superior catalytic activity.
  • This versatile method provides a pathway for designing advanced SACs for various applications.