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[Principle and techniques for fluoride pollution control in drinking water].

Rui Ping Liu1

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Natural fluoride contamination in groundwater affects over 500 million people globally. Addressing this requires understanding fluoride chemistry, predicting high-risk areas, and developing effective, economical water defluoridation technologies.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Geochemistry
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Natural geochemical processes cause widespread fluoride contamination in groundwater.
  • Over 500 million people worldwide are exposed to fluoride through drinking water, posing significant public health risks.
  • Fluorosis, resulting from excessive fluoride intake, is a major concern for drinking water safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical need for understanding fluoride occurrence mechanisms in groundwater chemistry.
  • To emphasize the importance of predicting high-risk areas using geographic information and remote sensing.
  • To review past failures and propose future directions for effective water defluoridation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of natural geochemical processes influencing fluoride occurrence.
  • Analysis of geographic information and remote sensing for risk prediction.
  • Evaluation of past and current defluoridation initiatives and technologies.

Main Results:

  • Many past defluoridation initiatives have been unsuccessful.
  • Understanding groundwater chemistry and predicting high-risk zones are crucial for mitigating fluorosis.
  • Alternative water sources and blending are viable initial strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Effective water defluoridation requires fundamental research into reagents and materials.
  • Development of efficient, economical, and stable defluoridation technologies is essential.
  • Careful design, operation, and supervision of defluoridation facilities are necessary for sustained benefits.