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Occasion setting.

Kurt M Fraser1, Peter C Holland1

  • 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences.

Behavioral Neuroscience
|March 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Occasion setting, a learning process, modulates stimulus associations. This framework better explains complex behaviors than simple associative analysis, offering insights into memory and contextual control.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral neuroscience
  • Learning and memory
  • Cognitive psychology

Background:

  • Occasion setting is a learning phenomenon where one stimulus modulates the association between another stimulus and a reinforcer.
  • Occasion setters and simple conditioned stimuli (CS) exhibit distinct properties in extinction, counterconditioning, and acquisition.
  • Existing associative models struggle to explain complex behavioral phenomena, highlighting the need for alternative frameworks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate occasion setting from simple conditioning based on their unique properties.
  • To explore the potential of occasion setting as a model for hierarchical memory organization and contextual control.
  • To identify the neurobiological underpinnings of occasion setting using modern neuroscience techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Distinguishing occasion setting from simple conditioned stimuli (CS) based on their differential resistance to extinction and counterconditioning.
  • Analyzing the acquisition functions of occasion setting under varying temporal and modality conditions.
  • Examining the independent conditioning and occasion setting properties of single stimuli.
  • Reviewing lesion studies and proposing the application of modern neurobiological techniques for future research.

Main Results:

  • Occasion setters are relatively immune to extinction and counterconditioning, unlike simple CSs.
  • Acquisition of occasion setting is favored by longer intervals and different stimulus modalities.
  • A single stimulus can possess independent occasion setting and direct associative properties.
  • Occasion setting provides a framework for understanding phenomena intractable to simple associative analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Occasion setting offers a more comprehensive model for understanding associative learning, memory organization, and contextual control.
  • The neurobiology of occasion setting remains largely unexplored but is amenable to investigation with modern techniques.
  • Differentiating occasion setting from simple conditioning is crucial for advancing our understanding of associative learning and its neural basis.