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Donath-Landsteiner test.

Morgan Kilty¹, Tina S Ipe²

¹Product Manager, QualTex Laboratories, San Antonio, TX.

Immunohematology

|March 26, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The Donath-Landsteiner test detects biphasic hemolysin, an autoantibody causing red blood cell lysis in paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria. This review details various DL test methods, focusing on the common indirect approach used in blood banks.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Hematology
Serology

Background:

The Donath-Landsteiner (DL) test identifies biphasic hemolysin, an autoantibody.
This autoantibody is associated with paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria.
It involves IgG autoantibodies targeting the P blood group antigen.

Purpose of the Study:

To review methods for performing the Donath-Landsteiner test.
To highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each method.
To focus on the indirect testing method commonly used in blood banks.

Main Methods:

Direct DL test.
Indirect DL test.
Modified indirect DL tests (enzyme-treated RBCs, two stages).
Indirect antiglobulin DL test.

Main Results:

The DL test relies on cold binding of IgG autoantibodies to P antigen.
Complement-mediated red blood cell lysis occurs upon warming.
The indirect method is most frequently employed in clinical laboratories.

Conclusions:

The Donath-Landsteiner test is crucial for diagnosing paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria.
Understanding different DL test methodologies aids accurate diagnosis.
The indirect DL test is the standard in most blood bank settings.