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Default mode network deactivation in pediatric temporal lobe epilepsy: Relationship to a working memory task and

Temitayo O Oyegbile1, John W VanMeter1, Gholam K Motamedi1

  • 1Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America.

Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B
|March 26, 2019
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Summary

Children with temporal lobe epilepsy show reduced default mode network deactivation during working memory tasks. These brain network alterations correlate with executive dysfunction, impacting cognitive performance.

Keywords:
Default mode networkExecutive dysfunctionN-back taskNeuropsychological testingPediatricTemporal lobe epilepsy

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Children with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) often experience executive dysfunction.
  • Limited research exists on the specific functional network alterations linked to this dysfunction in pediatric TLE.
  • Working memory deficits are a key aspect of executive dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate working memory deficits in children with TLE.
  • To assess default mode network (DMN) deactivation using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI).
  • To explore the relationship between DMN deactivation, fMRI findings, and neuropsychological test performance.

Main Methods:

  • fMRI scans were performed on 15 children with TLE and 15 healthy controls (ages 8-16).
  • Participants completed the N-back task to evaluate DMN deactivation.
  • Executive function was assessed using the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) tests.

Main Results:

  • Children with TLE demonstrated significantly less DMN deactivation, particularly in the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex, compared to controls.
  • These DMN alterations were significantly correlated with N-back task performance and D-KEFS results.
  • Functional network alterations were observed in extratemporal brain regions.

Conclusions:

  • Executive dysfunction in children with TLE is associated with alterations in the DMN.
  • Reduced deactivation in specific functional networks may contribute to cognitive impairment in pediatric TLE.
  • Findings highlight the presence of extratemporal network abnormalities in children with TLE.