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Long non-coding RNAs: Diverse roles in various disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA transcripts >200 nucleotides, not translated into proteins.
  • lncRNAs function as regulators of gene expression through decoy, scaffold, and enhancer mechanisms.
  • These regulatory roles impact cell development, differentiation, and fate determination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the involvement of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of various diseases.
  • To explore the potential of lncRNAs as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar.
  • Data synthesis focused on the role of lncRNAs in cancer and neurologic disorders.

Main Results:

  • lncRNA expression is significantly up-/down-regulated in malignant tissues compared to normal tissues.
  • lncRNAs demonstrate potential in differentiating cancerous from normal samples.
  • Aberrant lncRNA expression is observed in several neurologic and psychiatric disorders.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs represent a significant and emerging field for biological research.
  • Further investigation into lncRNAs may provide answers to fundamental biological questions.
  • lncRNAs hold promise as novel biomarkers for disease diagnosis and understanding.