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Published on: March 20, 2015
Development of the Troponin Detection System Based on the Nanostructure
Taek Lee1, Jae-Hyuk Ahn2, Jinha Choi3
1Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01899, Korea. nanotlee@gmail.com.
Insights
Rapid detection of cardiac biomarkers is crucial for diagnosing acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This review explores advanced nanobiosensor technologies for sensitive and selective troponin detection, improving emergency cardiovascular disease care.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Cardiovascular Disease Research
- Nanotechnology Applications
Background:
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly acute myocardial infarction (AMI), presents a growing global health challenge with high mortality rates.
- Early and accurate diagnosis of AMI is critical for patient survival and reducing long-term complications.
- Conventional troponin (TN) detection methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive, necessitating advanced diagnostic tools.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in troponin (TN) biosensors for the rapid and sensitive detection of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
- To focus on nanostructure-based biosensor technologies for improved diagnostic capabilities.
- To highlight key detection systems enabling ultra-low concentration biomarker identification.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on nanostructure-based biosensor technologies for cardiac biomarker detection.
- Focus on four primary detection systems: electrochemical (EC), field-effect transistor (FET), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS).
- Analysis of the sensitivity and selectivity of these nanobiosensor approaches for troponin (TN) detection.
Main Results:
- Nanostructure-based biosensors offer enhanced sensitivity and selectivity for cardiac troponin (cTN) detection compared to conventional methods.
- Electrochemical (EC), FET, SPR, and SERS nanobiosensors represent promising platforms for rapid AMI diagnosis.
- These advanced techniques facilitate the detection of cTN at ultra-low concentrations, crucial for timely intervention.
Conclusions:
- Advanced nanobiosensor technologies are vital for overcoming the limitations of traditional acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diagnostic methods.
- The reviewed EC, FET, SPR, and SERS nanobiosensors show significant potential for improving the speed and accuracy of cTN detection.
- Further development in these areas can lead to more effective emergency cardiovascular disease management and improved patient outcomes.
Abstract:
During the last 30 years, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported a gradual increase in the number of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), not only in developed but also in developing countries. In particular, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the severe CVDs because of the high death rate, damage to the body, and various complications. During these harmful effects, rapid diagnosis of AMI is key for saving patients with CVD in an emergency. The prompt diagnosis and proper treatment of patients with AMI are important to increase the survival rate of these patients. To treat patients with AMI quickly, detection of a CVD biomarker at an ultra-low concentration is essential. Cardiac troponins (cTNs), cardiac myoglobin (cMB), and creatine kinase MB are typical biomarkers for AMI detection. An increase in the levels of those biomarkers in blood implies damage to cardiomyocytes and thus is related to AMI progression. In particular, cTNs are regarded as a gold standard biomarker for AMI diagnosis. The conventional TN detection system for detection of AMI requires long measurement time and is labor-intensive and tedious. Therefore, the demand for sensitive and selective TN detection techniques is increasing at present. To meet this demand, several approaches and methods have been applied to develop a TN detection system based on a nanostructure. In the present review, the authors reviewed recent advances in TN biosensors with a focus on four detection systems: (1) An electrochemical (EC) TN nanobiosensor, (2) field effect transistor (FET)-based TN nanobiosensor, (3) surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based TN nanobiosensor and (4) surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based TN nanobiosensor.
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