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Restricted feeding and human intestinal plasma cell development.

W F Knox

    Archives of Disease in Childhood
    |August 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Infant gut immunity develops after birth, with immunoglobulin M (IgM) cells appearing first, followed by immunoglobulin A (IgA). Enteral feeding significantly boosts these immune cells in the small intestine.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Neonatal Research

    Background:

    • The development of the infant immune system, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract, is crucial for health.
    • Immunoglobulin (Ig) production by mucosal cells plays a vital role in protecting the gut from pathogens.
    • Understanding the timeline of Ig-producing cell appearance in infants is essential for assessing immune competence.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the presence and development of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) containing cells in the small intestinal mucosa of infants.
    • To determine the influence of feeding methods (enteral vs. parenteral) on the development of these mucosal immune cells.
    • To explore the potential role of food and bacterial antigens in stimulating the development of immunoglobulin-containing cells.

    Main Methods:

    • Examination of small intestinal mucosa from 129 necropsies and 15 surgical specimens from infants aged 0-21 months.
    • Utilized the Peroxidase-Antiperoxidase (PAP) immunoperoxidase technique to identify cells containing IgA, IgM, and IgG.
    • Compared immunoglobulin-containing cell presence between enterally fed and parenterally fed infants.

    Main Results:

    • Immunoglobulin-containing cells were largely absent in infants under one week old but appeared in the second week with milk feeds.
    • IgM-containing cells were predominant initially, with IgA-containing cells becoming more numerous by the sixth week; IgG cells were sparse.
    • Parenterally fed infants showed significantly fewer immunoglobulin-containing cells compared to normally fed infants, regardless of gestational age.

    Conclusions:

    • The development of IgA, IgM, and IgG-containing cells in the infant small intestine is influenced by postnatal age and enteral feeding.
    • Enteral feeding, providing stimulation from food and bacterial antigens, appears critical for the robust development of mucosal immune cells.
    • Parenteral nutrition may lead to delayed or reduced development of gut-associated lymphoid tissue in neonates.

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