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[Environmental risk factors for asthma developement].

Bénédicte Leynaert1, Nicole Le Moual2, Catherine Neukirch3

  • 1UMR 1152 physiopathologie et épidémiologie des maladies respiratoires, équipe épidémiologie, Inserm, Paris, France; UMR 1152, université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Environmental factors and lifestyle changes are linked to the rising prevalence of asthma. Research is exploring the exposome, including microbiome interactions and chemical exposures, to understand asthma development.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Microbiome Research

Background:

  • Asthma prevalence has surged since the 1970s, suggesting environmental and lifestyle factors are key drivers.
  • While allergen exposure is linked to allergic asthma, causal evidence is limited except for indoor mold in children.
  • Prenatal and postnatal exposure to air pollution and maternal smoking are recognized risks for childhood asthma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the complex interplay of environmental exposures, microbiome, and lifestyle in asthma development.
  • To identify specific environmental chemicals and cleaning product exposures associated with adult and childhood asthma.
  • To understand the role of the 'exposome' from conception onwards in asthma pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of large-scale metagenomic data to study environmental and human microbiome interactions.
  • Review of epidemiological data on prenatal/postnatal exposures (air pollution, smoking) and asthma incidence.
  • Assessment of associations between chemical exposures (phenols, phthalates, cleaning products) and asthma development.

Main Results:

  • Frequent use of spray cleaning chemicals is a risk factor for adult asthma, potentially also for children.
  • Occupational exposure to cleaning products may contribute to adult asthma cases.
  • Evidence suggests links between diet, body composition, physical activity, and asthma risk, particularly in children.

Conclusions:

  • The 'exposome' concept, encompassing all environmental exposures from conception, is crucial for understanding asthma.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate causal relationships between specific environmental factors and asthma.
  • A holistic approach is required to decipher the multifactorial etiology of asthma.