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Related Concept Videos

Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

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The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle...
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Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

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The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
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Epithelial Tissues and Their Functions01:23

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Epithelial tissues are large sheets of cells covering all of the surfaces of the body. These surfaces can be internal or external, for example, skin, airways, the digestive tract, the urinary system, and the reproductive system. Hollow organs and body cavities that do not connect to the body's exterior, including blood vessels and serous membranes, are lined by epithelial tissue known as the endothelium.
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Cancer02:18

Cancer

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Overview01:22

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Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and the number of cell layers formed. Cell shapes can be squamous (flattened and thin), cuboidal (square-like, as wide as it is tall), or columnar (rectangular, taller than it is wide). Additionally, the nucleus shape helps identify the type of epithelial cells. Squamous cells have flattened disc-shaped nuclei, cuboidal cells have spherical nuclei, and columnar cells have elongated nuclei.
Based on the number of cell layers,...
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What is Cancer?02:12

What is Cancer?

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Cells and tissues must meticulously coordinate their activities for the normal functioning of the human body. Therefore, they exhibit socially responsible behavior - resting, growing, dividing, differentiating, or dying - for the organism’s benefit. Cancer arises when cells divide uncontrollably and invade other tissues or organs.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Heterotypic Three-dimensional In Vitro Modeling of Stromal-Epithelial Interactions During Ovarian Cancer Initiation and Progression
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Epithelial ovarian cancer.

Stephanie Lheureux1, Charlie Gourley2, Ignace Vergote3

  • 1Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Lancet (London, England)
|March 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Epithelial ovarian cancer, a leading cause of gynecological cancer death, requires advanced multidisciplinary care. Genomic advancements offer new avenues for early diagnosis, targeted therapies, and improved patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Gynecologic Oncology
  • Molecular Genomics
  • Cancer Therapeutics

Background:

  • Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a leading cause of gynecological cancer mortality, often diagnosed at advanced stages.
  • Current population-based screening methods have proven ineffective for early detection.
  • Multidisciplinary expert care is essential for managing EOC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore novel approaches for early diagnosis and prevention of EOC using molecular genomics.
  • To highlight the role of distinct histological subtypes and their genomic characteristics in tailoring precision therapies.
  • To discuss the evolving techniques for monitoring treatment response and resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of distinct histological subtypes and their unique genomic profiles.
  • Identification of genomic predictors of treatment response, including BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations and homologous recombination deficiency.
  • Utilizing rapidly evolving techniques to measure genomic changes in tumor and blood samples.

Main Results:

  • Genomic characterization of EOC subtypes is enhancing therapy precision and effectiveness.
  • Mutations in BRCA1/BRCA2 and homologous recombination deficiency are key predictors for DNA damage response pathway inhibitors.
  • Genomic monitoring can assess treatment sensitivity, resistance, and potentially indicate residual disease.

Conclusions:

  • Genomic insights are revolutionizing EOC treatment, enabling personalized therapeutic strategies.
  • Effective management of recurrent EOC necessitates patient-centered approaches and quality of life considerations.
  • International collaboration in clinical trials is crucial for developing evidence-based guidelines for EOC subgroups.