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Related Concept Videos

Visual System01:26

Visual System

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Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
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Visual Agnosia01:12

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Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round...
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Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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Vision01:24

Vision

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Communication01:03

Communication

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Communication between two animals occurs when one animal transmits an information signal that causes a change in the animal that receives the information. Organisms communicate with one another in a host of different ways. Signals can be auditory, chemical, visual, tactile, or a combination of these. Communication is a critical behavioral adaptation that promotes survival, growth, and reproduction.
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What is a Sensory System?01:31

What is a Sensory System?

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Sensory systems detect stimuli—such as light and sound waves—and transduce them into neural signals that can be interpreted by the nervous system. In addition to external stimuli detected by the senses, some sensory systems detect internal stimuli—such as the proprioceptors in muscles and tendons that send feedback about limb position.
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Updated: Jan 27, 2026

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Visual snow: Not so benign.

Benson S Chen1, Sean Lance2, Bhavesh Lallu2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.

Journal of Clinical Neuroscience : Official Journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia
|March 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Visual snow syndrome, characterized by flickering vision, can be an early sign of serious neurological conditions like Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. This case highlights the importance of thorough diagnosis to rule out severe brain diseases presenting with visual snow.

Keywords:
Creutzfeld-Jakob diseaseVisual snow

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Visual snow syndrome involves persistent, non-disturbing visual static.
  • It is often associated with other sensory processing dysfunctions.
  • The syndrome is typically considered benign.

Observation:

  • A patient presented with visual snow, illusory visual motion, photopsia, and reduced night vision.
  • Over time, the patient developed progressive cognitive impairment, myoclonus, and ataxia.
  • Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease was confirmed post-mortem.

Findings:

  • This case demonstrates that visual snow can be the initial symptom of severe, progressive brain diseases.
  • The patient's condition evolved from visual snow syndrome to a fatal neurodegenerative disorder.
  • Diagnosis was confirmed over 49 months after symptom onset.

Implications:

  • Visual snow syndrome may occasionally herald serious underlying neurological pathology.
  • Neuroimaging is crucial to exclude occipital cortex pathologies.
  • Careful diagnostic evaluation is essential for patients with visual snow syndrome.