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Reducing debt improves psychological functioning and changes decision-making in the poor.

Qiyan Ong1, Walter Theseira2, Irene Y H Ng3,4

  • 1Social Service Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119246; qyong@nus.edu.sg.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reducing the number of debt accounts, not just the total amount owed, significantly improves cognitive function and reduces anxiety and present bias in low-income households. This highlights the impact of mental accounting on financial decision-making.

Keywords:
cognitive functioningdebtmental accountingpovertypresent bias

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Economics
  • Psychology
  • Poverty Alleviation

Background:

  • Chronic debt significantly impacts psychological functioning and economic decision-making.
  • Understanding the mechanisms through which debt affects behavior is crucial for effective policy interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the causal effect of chronic debt on beneficiaries' psychological functioning and economic decision-making.
  • To investigate whether the number of debt accounts or the total debt relief amount is more impactful.

Main Methods:

  • Quasi-experimental design using a large, unanticipated debt-relief program for low-income households.
  • Comparison of 196 beneficiaries before and after debt relief, analyzing the impact of eliminating different numbers of debt accounts.
  • Controlled for the total amount of debt relief received.

Main Results:

  • Eliminating one additional debt account improved cognitive functioning by approximately 0.25 standard deviations.
  • Reducing debt accounts decreased the likelihood of anxiety by 11% and present bias by 10%.
  • The magnitude of debt relief did not significantly affect anxiety or decision-making, but the number of accounts did.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic debt impairs behavior by consuming mental bandwidth through the mental-accounting costs of managing distinct debt accounts.
  • Poverty-alleviation policies should address mental accounting and "bandwidth taxes" for the indebted poor.
  • Reducing the number of debt accounts is a more effective intervention than solely increasing the debt relief amount.