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Diverse properties of the mesothelial cells in health and disease

Kunio Kawanishi

    Pleura and Peritoneum
    |March 27, 2019
    PubMed

    Insights

    Mesothelial cells (MCs) form a protective barrier in body cavities, playing vital roles in fluid balance, inflammation, and tissue repair. These cells function as a dynamic organ, crucial for maintaining health and responding to disease.

    Area of Science:

    • Cell Biology
    • Histology
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Mesothelial cells (MCs) form the superficial layer of serosal membranes (pleura, pericardium, peritoneum).
    • MCs provide a protective barrier against physical and biochemical damage.
    • MCs express key phenotypic markers like vimentin and cytokeratins.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the multifaceted roles of mesothelial cells in physiological and pathological processes.
    • To highlight the significance of mesothelial cells beyond their barrier function.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of literature on mesothelial cell biology and function.
    • Analysis of phenotypic markers, biochemical modulations, and extracellular matrix synthesis.
    • Examination of roles in fluid transport, inflammation, coagulation, and tissue remodeling.

    Main Results:

    • MCs regulate fluid transport, inflammation, and maintain hemostasis.
    • They synthesize extracellular matrix, form a protective glycocalyx, and can undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition.
    • MCs are involved in serosal repair, adipose tissue remodeling, and possess immunoactive properties.

    Conclusions:

    • Mesothelial cells are integral to the function and health of serosal cavities.
    • The mesothelium should be recognized as a distinct organ due to its complex functions.
    Keywords:
    mesothelial cellsmesotheliumphysiology and pathophysiology in serosa

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