Uncommon indications for cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy

Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has changed treatment for selected patients with peritoneal metastases (PM) arising from appendiceal, colorectal, epithelial ovarian, primary peritoneal and gastric cancers. However, the results of CRS with HIPEC remain unclear in PM from other tumor histologies.

We report a series of 10 patients who underwent CRS and HIPEC between 2006 and 2015, for PM arising from uncommon tumor origins.

Ten patients with PM from uncommon tumor origins underwent CRS and HIPEC. Median age was 46.5 years. Two patients had ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCT) and two had small bowel adenocarcinomas. The other histologies included: ovarian transitional cell carcinoma, ovarian granulosa cell tumor, endometroid adenocarcinoma, endocervical adenocarcinoma, synovial sarcoma, and ovarian leiomyosarcoma. Median peritoneal cancer index was 9 (2-18) and complete cytoreduction was achieved for all patients. Median follow-up was 14 months (2-100), and median time to recurrence from CRS and HIPEC was 16.0 months by Kaplan-Meier estimate. Four patients remain alive and disease-free, five are alive with disease, and one had died with disease. Median survival was not reached.

Eight of ten patients with peritoneal metastases in the above rare indications survived 10 months or more after CRS and HIPEC. These encouraging results are a rationale for prospective clinical trials in these tumor histologies.