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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Simultaneous PET/MRI Imaging During Mouse Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia
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Performance study of a radio-frequency field-penetrable PET insert for simultaneous PET/MRI.

Chen-Ming Chang1, Brian J Lee2, Alexander M Grant3

  • 1Departments of Applied Physics and Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences
|March 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary

A new "RF-penetrable" positron emission tomography (PET) insert allows simultaneous PET/MRI scans without blocking MRI radiofrequency fields. This innovative brain PET insert demonstrates high resolution and stable performance within a 3-Tesla MRI system.

Keywords:
MRIPETPET/MRIPositron emission tomographyRF-penetrablecompressed sensingelectro-opticalinsertmagnetic resonance imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Radiophysics

Background:

  • Hybrid positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers simultaneous acquisition of structural, functional, and molecular information.
  • Existing PET inserts for PET/MRI systems often block MRI radiofrequency (RF) fields, necessitating costly integrated systems.
  • Cost-effective integration of PET into existing MRI sites is desirable for wider adoption of simultaneous PET/MRI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the performance of a novel, full-ring, brain-sized, "RF-penetrable" PET insert designed for simultaneous PET/MRI acquisition.
  • To evaluate the impact of a 3-Tesla MRI system on the PET insert's performance metrics.
  • To assess the imaging capabilities, including spatial resolution, of the RF-penetrable PET insert.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a full-ring PET insert with 16 detector modules using electro-optical signal transmission and compressed sensing multiplexing.
  • Acquired PET performance data (energy resolution, coincidence timing resolution (CTR), count rate) both inside and outside a 3-Tesla MRI scanner.
  • Performed tomographic imaging of a resolution phantom with hot rods and a 3D Hoffman brain phantom to assess spatial resolution and imaging capability.

Main Results:

  • The PET insert achieved an energy resolution of 16.2±0.1% and a CTR of 5.3±0.1 ns FWHM at 511 keV.
  • PET performance metrics remained stable during simultaneous MRI acquisition, with minor exceptions during EPI sequences.
  • The system resolved most 2.8-mm hot rods and key features of the Hoffman brain phantom, indicating high spatial resolution.

Conclusions:

  • The "RF-penetrable" PET insert enables simultaneous PET/MRI without compromising MRI's RF fields, offering a cost-effective solution.
  • The PET insert demonstrates robust performance and high spatial resolution suitable for brain imaging applications.
  • This technology facilitates the integration of advanced PET imaging capabilities into existing MRI infrastructure.