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Related Concept Videos

Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

75.3K
Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome...
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Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

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Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome...
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
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Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

27.5K
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Non-Aqueous Isolation and Enrichment of Glandular Capitate Stalked and Sessile Trichomes from Cannabis sativa
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Non-Aqueous Isolation and Enrichment of Glandular Capitate Stalked and Sessile Trichomes from Cannabis sativa

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The enigmatic ribosomal stalk.

Anders Liljas1, Suparna Sanyal2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology,Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Lund University,Lund,Sweden.

Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics
|March 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The ribosomal stalk, crucial for protein synthesis, is composed of specific proteins like uL10 and bL12 in bacteria, and P1/P2 in archaea/eukarya. This review details their structure and function, advancing our understanding of these essential translation components.

Keywords:
P1/P2Ribosomal stalkbL12translational GTPases (trGTPases)

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The large ribosomal subunit possesses a unique stalk structure, vital for ribosome function.
  • In bacteria, this is the L12 stalk, based on protein uL10 with bL12 dimers.
  • Archaea and eukarya utilize P1 and P2 proteins for their ribosomal stalks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize current knowledge on the structure and function of ribosomal stalk proteins.
  • To provide historical context from early ribosome research to present understanding.
  • To elucidate the enigmatic roles of these flexible, essential protein components.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on ribosomal stalk proteins.
  • Analysis of structural data and functional studies.
  • Synthesis of information from early ribosome research to contemporary findings.

Main Results:

  • The ribosomal stalk's composition varies across domains (bacteria, archaea, eukarya).
  • Stalk proteins possess inherent flexibility due to hinge regions, impacting translation factor interactions.
  • These proteins are essential for the proper functioning of certain translation factors.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress has been made in understanding the ribosomal stalk's structure and function.
  • The flexible nature of stalk proteins is key to their role in translation.
  • Further research continues to unravel the precise mechanisms of ribosomal stalk involvement in protein synthesis.