Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

70.8K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
70.8K
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

8.9K
Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
8.9K
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

8.6K
Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
8.6K
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

6.1K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
6.1K
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

2.5K
Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
2.5K
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

5.9K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
5.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Radiation-induced assembly of Rad51 and Rad52 recombination complex requires ATM and c-Abl.

The Journal of biological chemistry·1999
Same author

Science over politics.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·1999
Same author

Dissecting Fas signaling with an altered-specificity death-domain mutant: requirement of FADD binding for apoptosis but not Jun N-terminal kinase activation.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·1999
Same author

Specificities of CD40 signaling: involvement of TRAF2 in CD40-induced NF-kappaB activation and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 up-regulation.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·1999
Same author

The p65 subunit of NF-kappa B is redundant with p50 during B cell proliferative responses, and is required for germline CH transcription and class switching to IgG3.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·1999
Same author

Essential roles for the Abl and Arg tyrosine kinases in neurulation.

Neuron·1999

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for Tissue-specific Genes using Early-stage Mouse Embryos
11:02

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for Tissue-specific Genes using Early-stage Mouse Embryos

Published on: April 29, 2011

17.3K

Multiple nuclear factors interact with the immunoglobulin enhancer sequences.

R Sen, D Baltimore

    Cell
    |August 29, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers identified three proteins binding to immunoglobulin enhancers. One protein, NF-A, binds to octamer sequences in all cells, while another binds to a specific methylation-protected site in both heavy and kappa enhancers. A third protein, found only in B cells, binds to the kappa enhancer.

    More Related Videos

    Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization
    13:55

    Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization

    Published on: February 3, 2013

    17.9K
    Author Spotlight: An Integrated Workflow to Study the Promoter-Centric Spatio-Temporal Genome Architecture in Scarce Cell Populations
    11:36

    Author Spotlight: An Integrated Workflow to Study the Promoter-Centric Spatio-Temporal Genome Architecture in Scarce Cell Populations

    Published on: April 21, 2023

    2.7K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 5, 2026

    Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for Tissue-specific Genes using Early-stage Mouse Embryos
    11:02

    Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for Tissue-specific Genes using Early-stage Mouse Embryos

    Published on: April 29, 2011

    17.3K
    Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization
    13:55

    Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization

    Published on: February 3, 2013

    17.9K
    Author Spotlight: An Integrated Workflow to Study the Promoter-Centric Spatio-Temporal Genome Architecture in Scarce Cell Populations
    11:36

    Author Spotlight: An Integrated Workflow to Study the Promoter-Centric Spatio-Temporal Genome Architecture in Scarce Cell Populations

    Published on: April 21, 2023

    2.7K

    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Immunology
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Immunoglobulin (Ig) enhancers are crucial regulatory elements controlling Ig gene expression.
    • Understanding the proteins that bind to these enhancers is key to deciphering B cell development and function.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify and characterize proteins that specifically bind to the immunoglobulin heavy chain and kappa light chain enhancers.
    • To elucidate the binding specificities and cellular distribution of these DNA-binding proteins.

    Main Methods:

    • Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) using end-labeled DNA fragments.
    • Analysis of protein binding to specific sequences within Ig enhancers and related control sequences.
    • Assessment of protein occurrence across different cell types.

    Main Results:

    • Three distinct proteins were found to bind to the immunoglobulin enhancers.
    • NF-A, a ubiquitous factor, binds to the octamer sequence in Ig variable gene segments and the heavy chain enhancer.
    • A second ubiquitous protein exhibits high specificity for a methylation-protected site in both heavy and kappa enhancers.
    • A third protein, restricted to B cells, binds to a sequence in the kappa enhancer and an identical sequence in the SV40 enhancer.

    Conclusions:

    • Multiple sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins regulate immunoglobulin enhancer activity.
    • The identified proteins, including the B cell-specific factor, play significant roles in the transcriptional control of Ig genes.
    • The distinct binding properties suggest diverse mechanisms for regulating B cell-specific gene expression.