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Towards population screening for Cerebral Visual Impairment: Validity of the Five Questions and the CVI Questionnaire

Fiona Gorrie1, Karen Goodall1, Robert Rush2

  • 1School of Health in Social Sciences, Department of Clinical Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.

Plos One
|March 27, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Two screening tools, the Five Questions and CVI Questionnaire, show promise for identifying Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI) in children. These tools are valuable for children with neurodevelopmental disorders, where CVI is common.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric ophthalmology
  • Neurodevelopmental disorders
  • Vision screening

Background:

  • Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI) is the leading cause of vision impairment in children in developed countries.
  • CVI is more prevalent in children with additional support needs (ASN).
  • Current CVI screening tools lack sufficient validation, necessitating the evaluation of new methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the validity and reliability of two CVI screening tools: the Five Questions and the CVI Questionnaire.
  • To investigate the prevalence of CVI among children with various neurodevelopmental disorders.

Main Methods:

  • An online survey was administered to 535 parents of children with and without neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • The survey included the Five Questions, the CVI Questionnaire, and questions about children's diagnoses, based on parental report.
  • Statistical analyses, including factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, and correlation analysis, were used to assess tool validity and reliability.

Main Results:

  • Both the Five Questions and CVI Questionnaire demonstrated accuracy in screening for CVI diagnoses based on parental reports.
  • The screening tools exhibited construct validity, high internal consistency, and convergent validity.
  • Parent-reported CVI was found in 23%-39% of children with neurodevelopmental disorders, with an additional 6.59%-22.53% identified as having potential CVI.

Conclusions:

  • The Five Questions and CVI Questionnaire are suitable as screening tools due to their good convergent validity, internal consistency, and reliable factor structure.
  • A significant proportion of children with neurodevelopmental disorders have reported or potential CVI, underscoring the need for routine screening.
Abstract

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