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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Heart01:27

Anatomy of the Heart

119.6K
The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
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Anatomy of the Heart01:20

Anatomy of the Heart

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The heart is a hollow, muscular organ approximately the size of a fist, consisting of four chambers. It is enclosed in the pericardium, a fibrous sac with two layers: the visceral and parietal pericardium, separated by a fluid-filled space containing serous fluid to reduce friction.
The heart has three layers: the innermost endocardium, the muscular myocardium, and the outer epicardium, all working together for optimal cardiac function.
Chambers of the Heart
The heart is made up of four...
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Overview of the Heart01:07

Overview of the Heart

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The heart, a muscular organ located in the chest, functions as the body's pump, circulating blood through the vascular system. It has four chambers: two atria on top and two ventricles below. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and passes it to the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and transfers it to the left ventricle, which pumps it to the rest of the body.
The heart's structure...
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Conduction System of the Heart01:19

Conduction System of the Heart

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Autorhythmicity is a term that refers to the heart's inherent ability to generate electrical signals and instigate muscle contractions. This self-regulating conduction system within the heart consists of two key components: the pacemaker cells and specialized conducting cells.
The pacemaker cells are located in two primary nodes: the sinoatrial (SA) node and the atrioventricular (AV) node. The SA node pacemaker cells can autonomously depolarize, triggering an action potential that leads to the...
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Conduction System of the Heart01:20

Conduction System of the Heart

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The cardiac conduction system produces and transmits electrical impulses that prompt myocardial contraction, ensuring efficient heart function. This intricate system ensures that the heart beats in a coordinated and efficient manner, beginning with the atria and then the ventricles. The conduction system optimizes cardiac output by maintaining this precise sequence, which is crucial for adequate blood circulation.
This system relies on the unique properties of nodal and Purkinje cells:...
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Chambers of the Heart01:16

Chambers of the Heart

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The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
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Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Donor Heart Preservation Through Isolated Rat Heart Perfusion Studies
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Author Spotlight: Enhancing Donor Heart Preservation Through Isolated Rat Heart Perfusion Studies

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Prometheus Unbound in Ya(p) Heart.

Jan W Buikema1, Sean M Wu2

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Developmental Cell
|March 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adult mammalian hearts typically do not divide. However, activating YAP in adult cardiomyocytes stimulated significant cell proliferation by changing how DNA is accessed.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • The adult mammalian heart is generally considered a post-mitotic organ, meaning its cells do not typically divide.
  • This contrasts with some amphibian and fish species where cardiac regeneration occurs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential for inducing proliferation in adult cardiomyocytes.
  • To explore the role of YAP signaling in adult cardiac cell division.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the expression of constitutively active YAP in adult cardiomyocytes.
  • Analyzed global chromatin accessibility changes.

Main Results:

  • Constitutively active YAP expression induced significant proliferation in adult cardiomyocytes.
  • This proliferation was associated with global alterations in chromatin accessibility.

Conclusions:

  • YAP activation can overcome the post-mitotic state of adult cardiomyocytes.
  • Modulating chromatin accessibility is a key mechanism for inducing cardiac cell proliferation.