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Related Concept Videos

Polymers02:34

Polymers

40.7K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
3.8K
Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Polymers: Defining Molecular Weight01:01

Polymers: Defining Molecular Weight

3.8K
Unlike small molecules with definite molecular weights, polymers are a mixture of individual polymer chains of varying lengths, each with a unique molecular weight.  So, the molecular weight of a polymer is expressed as an average value based on the average size of the polymer chains. The two most common forms of averages used for polymers are the number average molecular weight and weight average molecular weight.
The number average molecular weight (Mn) is the summation of the number...
3.8K

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Application of a Coupling Agent to Improve the Dielectric Properties of Polymer-Based Nanocomposites
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Multifunctional Nanovectors Based on Polyamidoamine Polymers for Theranostic Application.

Paolo Arosio1, Martin Albino2, Francesco Orsini1

  • 1Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, and Consorzio INSTM Milano Unit, Italy.

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
|March 28, 2019
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Summary

Researchers developed new magnetic nanovectors using polyamidoamine (PAA) polymers. These biocompatible and biodegradable materials show promise for advanced diagnostics and therapies due to their magnetic, thermal, and imaging properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Development of advanced nanocarriers is crucial for targeted drug delivery and diagnostics.
  • Polyamidoamine (PAA) polymers offer versatile functionalization for biomedical applications.
  • Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are widely explored for magnetic hyperthermia and MRI contrast enhancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize multifunctional, biocompatible, and biodegradable magnetic nanovectors.
  • To tailor PAA-coated maghemite nanoparticles for combined diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
  • To evaluate the magnetic, hyperthermia, and MRI contrast properties of the developed nanovectors.

Main Methods:

  • Maghemite nanoparticles (15.5 ± 2.8 nm) synthesized via thermal decomposition.
  • Coating nanoparticles with PAA-PEG segmented copolymers containing carboxyl groups.
  • Investigation of magnetic properties using magnetometry.
  • Assessment of hyperthermia efficiency via calorimetric measurements under alternating magnetic fields.
  • Evaluation of MRI contrast agent potential through 1H-NMR relaxivity measurements.

Main Results:

  • Superparamagnetic behavior confirmed at room temperature, unaffected by functionalization.
  • Efficient hyperthermia achieved (SAR ca. 70 W/g at 260 Hz and 10.8 kA/m) within safe limits.
  • Significant 1H-NMR relaxivities comparable to commercial MRI contrast agents across a broad frequency range.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized PAA-based magnetic nanovectors are multifunctional, biocompatible, and biodegradable.
  • These nanovectors demonstrate excellent potential for magnetic hyperthermia therapy and MRI contrast enhancement.
  • The tailored PAA-PEG copolymers effectively combine nanoparticle binding with stealth properties for biomedical applications.