Herpes zoster vaccination efficacy in the long-term care facility population: a qualitative systematic review

Background: The varicella zoster virus (VZV) can reactivate later in life as herpes zoster infection (HZI), a severe disease resulting in painful complications such as post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN). The herpes zoster (HZ) vaccine has been indicated for use among adults 50 years and older for prevention of HZI. Currently, no clinical practice guideline or funding exists specifically for HZ immunization in long-term care facilities (LTCF) for adults age >60 years. Objectives: This review summarizes the current literature available on the efficacy of HZ vaccine in adults over 60 years old residing in LTCF and evaluates the cost-effectiveness of the HZ vaccine. Methods: We conducted a literature search in PsycInFO, Embase and MEDLINE databases, and a grey literature search. The search was limited to the last 5 years (January 2013-April 2018). Studies that assessed the efficacy of the HZ vaccine in individuals 60 years old or older and met inclusion criteria were included. Results: A total of 423 studies were found: 10 studies met inclusion criteria and were deemed relevant to the objectives. All reviewed studies highlighted the efficacy of the HZ vaccine for the LTCF population. Conclusions: The studies reviewed showed the efficacy of the HZ vaccine in relevant elderly populations residing either in LTCF or in the community including those of advanced age with multiple comorbidities. Consideration can be given to the use of the HZ vaccine for individuals over 60 in LTCF, as well as in the community.