Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import01:46

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import

7.7K
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of  2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...
7.7K
Paracrine Signaling01:21

Paracrine Signaling

59.5K
Paracrine signaling allows cells to communicate with their immediate neighbors via secretion of signaling molecules. Such a signal can only trigger a response in nearby target cells because the signal molecules degrade quickly or are inactivated if not taken up. Prominent examples of paracrine signaling include nitric oxide signaling in blood vessels, synaptic signaling of neurons, the blood clotting system, tissue repair/wound healing, and local allergic skin reactions. Nitric oxide as a...
59.5K
What is Cell Signaling?02:03

What is Cell Signaling?

130.0K
Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate to respond to the environment.
130.0K
Endocrine Signaling01:45

Endocrine Signaling

68.0K
Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.
68.0K
Bacterial Signaling01:30

Bacterial Signaling

40.4K
Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...
40.4K
Synaptic Signaling01:12

Synaptic Signaling

79.3K
Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
79.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A wireless subdural-contained brain-computer interface with 65,536 electrodes and 1,024 channels.

Nature electronics·2026
Same author

Simultaneous enhancement of stimulus-induced and stimulus-free gamma in open-eye meditators.

Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)·2026
Same author

Burst estimation through atomic decomposition (BEAD): A toolbox to find oscillatory bursts in brain signals.

Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)·2025
Same author

Delayed Accumulation of Inhibitory Input Explains Gamma Frequency Variation with Changing Contrast in an Inhibition Stabilized Network.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2024
Same author

Dissociation of Attentional State and Behavioral Outcome Using Local Field Potentials.

eNeuro·2024
Same author

Gamma Responses to Colored Natural Stimuli Can Be Predicted from Local Low-Level Stimulus Features.

eNeuro·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Manipulation of Epileptiform Electrocorticograms ECoGs and Sleep in Rats and Mice by Acupuncture
09:06

Manipulation of Epileptiform Electrocorticograms ECoGs and Sleep in Rats and Mice by Acupuncture

Published on: December 22, 2016

10.1K

Cortical Electrocorticogram (ECoG) Is a Local Signal.

Agrita Dubey1, Supratim Ray2

  • 1Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India 560012.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|March 28, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Electrocorticogram (ECoG) signals, used in epilepsy and brain research, were found to have a surprisingly local spatial spread of approximately 3 mm. This finding validates ECoG

Keywords:
electrocorticogramlocal field potentialmagnification factorprimary visual cortexreceptive fieldspatial spread

More Related Videos

Simultaneous Recordings of Cortical Local Field Potentials and Electrocorticograms in Response to Nociceptive Laser Stimuli from Freely Moving Rats
07:52

Simultaneous Recordings of Cortical Local Field Potentials and Electrocorticograms in Response to Nociceptive Laser Stimuli from Freely Moving Rats

Published on: January 7, 2019

9.1K
Subdural Soft Electrocorticography ECoG Array Implantation and Long-Term Cortical Recording in Minipigs
08:30

Subdural Soft Electrocorticography ECoG Array Implantation and Long-Term Cortical Recording in Minipigs

Published on: March 31, 2023

3.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Manipulation of Epileptiform Electrocorticograms ECoGs and Sleep in Rats and Mice by Acupuncture
09:06

Manipulation of Epileptiform Electrocorticograms ECoGs and Sleep in Rats and Mice by Acupuncture

Published on: December 22, 2016

10.1K
Simultaneous Recordings of Cortical Local Field Potentials and Electrocorticograms in Response to Nociceptive Laser Stimuli from Freely Moving Rats
07:52

Simultaneous Recordings of Cortical Local Field Potentials and Electrocorticograms in Response to Nociceptive Laser Stimuli from Freely Moving Rats

Published on: January 7, 2019

9.1K
Subdural Soft Electrocorticography ECoG Array Implantation and Long-Term Cortical Recording in Minipigs
08:30

Subdural Soft Electrocorticography ECoG Array Implantation and Long-Term Cortical Recording in Minipigs

Published on: March 31, 2023

3.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Electrocorticogram (ECoG) is crucial for identifying seizure foci in epilepsy and in cognitive/brain-machine-interfacing studies.
  • Accurate estimation of ECoG's spatial spread is vital for clinical applications but remains poorly understood.
  • Previous methods for estimating spatial spread, like receptive field measurements, tend to overestimate the actual spread.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To accurately determine the spatial spread of Electrocorticogram (ECoG) signals.
  • To compare the spatial spread of ECoG with other neural signals like Local Field Potential (LFP) and Multi-Unit Activity (MUA).

Main Methods:

  • Developed a custom electrode array for simultaneous recording of ECoG, LFP, and MUA from the primary visual cortex of awake monkeys.
  • Measured receptive fields (RFs) of ECoG, LFP, and MUA.
  • Utilized a modeling approach comparing RFs of different neural signals and simulating ECoG as a sum of LFPs.

Main Results:

  • The spatial spread of ECoG was found to be localized, with a diameter of approximately 3 mm.
  • ECoG's spatial spread was only about 3 times larger than that of LFP.
  • Modeling simulations supported the experimental findings on ECoG spatial spread.

Conclusions:

  • ECoG signals represent a relatively local cortical area.
  • The findings validate the use of ECoG in clinical settings for epilepsy surgery and in basic cognitive neuroscience research.
  • ECoG's localized nature supports its utility in brain-machine-interfacing applications.